Reference List

Burdekin - Fitzroy Non-Company Reports

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A

Acton L. 1993. The cattle industry in the Fitzroy catchment. In: Fitzroy Catchment Symposium, 12-13 Nov 1992, Rockhampton, Proceedings. University of Central Queensland, Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Capricorn Conservation Council, United Graziers' Association of Queensland, Rockhampton; 12p
Abstract: The nature of the beef cattle industry and land developments in the Fitzroy River region are described. Key issues, which include Landcare, drought and marketing, are discussed. Research and development includes projects to address the sustainability of the catchment.

Adsett K, Leslie M, Hewavisenthi S, Hewavisenthi C. 2002. A digital elevation model for the Nogoa River catchment, Queensland: Challenges and solutions. Cartography; 31(1):109-14
Keywords: Remote-sensing:-geodesy
Abstract: The Nogoa River catchment in the Fitzroy Basin is a very significant contributor to the Queensland economy. The topographical complexity of this catchment requires efficient and effective management of the environment to sustain both economic and ecological benefits. Information on terrain shape and drainage structure is important in developing sustainable management practices. This paper outlines the methods used and the challenges faced during the development of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the Nogoa River catchment. It is also intended to assist those involved in DEM creation to understand potential problems and to plan ahead to maximise efficiency.

Ahern CR. 1989. Background information on the Burdekin soils database. In: Rayment, G E & Eldershaw, V J (Eds.), Soils of the Burdekin River Irrigation Area: Workshop, 17-18 Aug 1988, Ayr QLD, Proceedings. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Conference and Workshop Series; QC89003; 5-10
Abstract: The Queensland Department of Primary Industries set up a database on Burdekin soils to meet the needs of users in designing irrigation systems, with potential flood irrigation areas and with sodic soils. The creation of the database and its current state are discussed.

Ahern CR. 1988. Comparison of models for predicting available water capacity of Burdekin soils Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research; 26(2):409-23
Keywords: available-water-capacity/ soil-water-potential/ light-textured-soils/ irrigated-soils/ clay-soils/ sodic-duplex-soils/ Australia-/ Queensland-/ Burdekin-Irrigation-Area
Abstract: Models for predicting profile available water capacity (PAWC) from laboratory measurements were compared with published field values for the same sites. The intention was to choose the best model/s to predict PAWC, by using a database, for a wide range of soils in the Burdekin Irrigation Area. Effective rooting depth for all models was estimated from the chloride profile. A model based on the difference between water retained at -33 and -1500 kPa matric potentials was higher (P < 0.01) than field measured PAWC. An empirical model based on cation exchange capacity and depth was suitable only for cracking clays and sodic duplex soils. Another empirical model based on -1500 kPa water retained and depth, predicted field PAWC particularly well on cracking clays, sodic duplex and related soils, and was also suitable for better drained, lighter textured soils.

Ahern CR, Baker DE, Reid RE. 1986. Co-ordination of soils information: lower Burdekin. Australian Salinity Newsletter; 148:34
Abstract: Construction of the Burdekin Falls Dam has led to a demand for soil salinity data to assist farm desin, and location of irrigation channels. This summary reports that a databank of soil chemical, physical and morphological properties is being established using results from all Queensland Department of Primary Industries' Soil survey and research samples from the lower Burdekin area. To assist in land use planning, and extension to farmers, previously identified soil profile classes have been rationalized into 35 more manageable soil groupings based on similarity of profile morphology.

Ahern CR, Rosenthal KM, Rayment GE. 1988. Soil sodicity patterns in the Mulgrave section Lower Burdekin. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Bulletin; QB 88008; 21p
Abstract: Presents soil sodicity data on 6 maps based on actual and calculated values for the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of soils in the Mulgrave section of the Burdekin River. Findings include substantial areas of sodic soils, ESP levels increasing with depth and 35% of the total area is highly sodic.

Ahern CR, Shaw RJ, Rosenthal KM. 1987. Predicted deep drainage loss for Burdekin soils. Australian Salinity Newsletter; 15:77
Abstract: A databank of soil chemical, physical and morphological properties for the lower Burdekin area has been established. A technical bulletin is being prepared using this extensive database. Predicted leaching fraction and deep drainage under various rainfalls, irrigation applications and soil conditions is documented for some 250 sites. The model used is described. Histograms of deep drainage by the local soil profile classes and principal profile forms have been prepared. Preliminary grouping by predicted deep drainage under rainfall indicates 3 broad groupings may be possible. Data is being used to assist in planning farm layouts and land use limitations.

Ahern CR, Weinand MMG. 1989. Salinity of Burdekin soil profile classes, I: cracking clays. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Bulletin; QB89002; 89p
Abstract: Ahern CR, Weinand MMG, Eldershaw VJ. 1989. Salinity of Burdekin soil profile classes, II: duplex and miscellaneous soils. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Bulletin; QB89003; 153p
Abstract: Using Burdekin soil analyses stored in a database, this Bulletin documents basic and derived measures of salinity and sodicity for individual soil profile classes (SPC's). It was highlighted that various salinity measures and rating systems (including the use of weighting functions) can lead to different classifications of salinity hazard of an individual soil. Most miscellaneous SPC's and red duplex SPC's have low salinity and sodicity. Irrigation on such soils needs to avoid excessive deep drainage. Some duplex SPC's on landscape units 1 to 3 have high salinity and sodicity and would appear to be risky for irrigation, more because of potential long term consequences on the region as a whole, than because of the ability to ameliorate initial high salt or sodicity on the individual farm level.

Ahmad R, Tipper JC, Eggleton RA, Walshe JL. 1990. Carbonate diagenesis of sandstones and the chemical evolution of pore-fluids within the Permian sedimentary sequence of the Denison Trough, Bowen Basin: evidence from the borehole GSQ Eddystone 5. In: Beetson, J W (Comp.), Bowen Basin Symposium 1990, Mackay, Queensland, September, 1990. Proceedings. Geological Society of Australia, Brisbane. Queensland Division; 215-20
Keywords: Sandstone-/ Carbonate-minerals/ Diagenesis-/ Pore-water/ Geochemistry-/ Paragenesis-/ Sedimentary-environments/ Permian-

Ahmad R, Tipper JC, Walshe JL, Eggleton RA. 1990. Provenance, diagenetic and reservoir characteristics of the Permian sandstones from Denison Trough, Bowen Basin, Queensland. In: 13th International Sedimentological Congress; Abstracts of Papers. International Association of Sedimentologists, Comparative Sedimentology Division. Utrecht, Netherlands; 5-6

Ahmed M, Smith JW, George SC. 1999. Effects of biodegradation on Australian Permian coals. Organic Geochemistry; 30(10):1311-22
Abstract: Permian coals from Blackwater, Poitrel and Moura (Bowen Basin, Queensland) have been extracted and characterised by detailed organic geochemical techniques. A variety of source-related aliphatic and aromatic biomarker parameters indicate that these coals from three different locations are similar in terms of organic matter type and palaeoenvironment of deposition. The hydrocarbons extracted from these coals appear to have been generated from predominantly plant-derived organic matter deposited in a fluvio-deltaic environment. Moderately high Pr/Ph ratios, the high proportion of C-2-9 steranes and very low sterane to hopane ratios are indicative of their largely terrestrial source. Molecular maturity parameters derived from aliphatic and aromatic biomarkers corroborate a measured maturity of 1.0-1.1% R(o) for these medium volatile bituminous coals. The aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon distributions in these coals also allow their differentiation into two groups: biodegraded Moura coals and non-degraded Blackwater and Poitrel coals. Comparison of various compound ratios from the degraded and non-degraded coals indicates the dependence of susceptibility to biodegradation on precise molecular structures. Major aromatic compound classes in coals, generally regarded as being more resistant, may be microbially altered before branched/cyclic alkanes are affected and even before the n-alkanes are completely removed. As reported in crude oils, susceptibility to biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons decreases with increasing number of aromatic rings and with increasing number of alkyl substituents. Furthermore, alkylnaphthalenes with 1,6-dimethyl substitution patterns are more susceptible to degradation than other alkylnaphthalene isomers. This study reveals that biodegradation may alter the hydrocarbon composition of coals in a similar way to that observed in crude oils or oil spills, except that aromatic hydrocarbons are altered relatively earlier than aliphatic hydrocarbons in coals compared to oils.

Airey PL, Calf GE, Hartley PE, Roman D, Spragg WT. 1974. Use of environmental isotopes and artificial tracers to study recharge to groundwater in the Burdekin Delta, Queensland. In: Proceedings Series - International Atomic Energy Agency = Collection Comptes Rendus - Agence Internationale De L'Energie Atomique. STI/PUB/373, Vol. 1, Isotope Techniques in Groundwater Hydrology. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna; 115-26
Keywords: abundance-/ aquifers-/ artificial-recharge/ Australasia-/ Australia-/ Burdekin-River-Delta/ Claredale-/ fluvial-features/ gamma-/ ground-water/ hydrogen-/ hydrogeology-/ hydrology-/ isotopes-/ precipitation-/ Queensland-Australia / radioactive-isotopes/ radioactivity-/ recharge-/ rivers-/ techniques-/ tracers-/ tritium-/ well-logging

Alcock PJ. 1969. Progress report on the Moolayember Formation, Bowen Basin, Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. Record; 1969/43:95p
Keywords: Geological-logs/ Lithology-/ Palynology-/ Sedimentary-environments/ Sedimentary-geology/ Sedimentary-structures/ Stratigraphic-correlation/ Stratigraphy-Qld/ Triassic-/ SF5507/ SG5507/ SG5508

Alexander C. 1997. The regional and structural geology of the Burdekin Falls Dam region, Northern Drummond Basin. B.Sc.(Hons.) Thesis. James Cook University of North Queensland. School of Earth Sciences; 82p
Keywords: Sedimentary-basins/ Structural-evolution/ Structural-geology-Qld

Alexander H. 1995. Living up to the Landcare challenge: a national perspective. In: Queensland Landcare Conference, July 1994, Gatton, Proceedings. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Conference and Workshop Series; QC95002; 13-26
Keywords: Land-Use/ Community-Participation/ Farms-and-Farming/ Rural-Areas/ Finance-/ Regionalization-/ Farmers-/ Adoption-/ Landcare-/ Perception-/ Whole-Farm-Planning
Abstract: Landcare provides the basis for a most imaginative rural and regional development strategy. It gets away from the rhetoric and gets on with the job, but the community has to be careful that it stays that way. Living up to the Landcare challenge needs patience, good hard thinking, and the resources to do the job.

Alexander J, Fielding CR. 1997. Gravel antidunes in the tropical Burdekin River, Queensland, Australia. Sedimentology; 44(2):327-37
Keywords: Streams (in-Natural-Channels)/ Tropical-Regions/ Bed-Topography/ Waves (Excluding-Water)/ Floods-and-Flooding/ Stream-Flow/ Flow-Rates/ Flow-Patterns/ Gravel-/ Sand-/ Deposition-/ Aggregation-/ Lenses-/ Climate-/ Sediment-Water-System/ Discharge (of-Natural-Waters)/ Waves (Water)/ Hydraulic-Jumps/ Clastic-/ Sediment-/ Bed-Load/ Transport-/ Geomorphology-/ Geological-Time/ Rivers-
Abstract: The nature of the climate, catchment and channel forms in subhumid tropical northeastern Queensland results in short duration, high discharge flow events (cyclone induced floods) during which transitory development of stationary waves builds sandy gravel antidunes on river beds. The flood wave shape is such that most sediment is transported and deposited in waning flow, and downstream migrating antidunes develop. Antidunes become inactive and emergent in periods of hours to days, and are frequently observed on dry river beds with little falling stage reworking. The antidunes observed on the Burdekin River bed have a wavelength of up to 19m and are sinuous crested with a slight upstream symmetry. They form erosive based sandy gravel lenses with low angle downstream dipping internal lamination and generally steep upstream dipping a-b planes. These lenses are associated with thick high angle cross bed sets, are easy to recognize and are possibly diagnostic of downstream migrating antidunes

Alexander J, Fielding CR, Jenkins G. 1999. Plant-material deposition in the tropical Burdekin River, Australia: implications for ancient fluvial sediments. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology; 153(1-4):105-25
Keywords: Tropical-regions/ Vegetation-/ Organic-material/ Fluvial-sediments/ Sedimentary-environments
Abstract: In the deposits of the Burdekin River (north Queensland, Australia), plant material (character and directional fabric) together with the sedimentary facies character are generally diagnostic of depositional environment. Plant material is selectively entrained, transported, and deposited in all flow conditions ranging from dry season minimal flow (<10 m (super 3) s (super -1) ) to tropical cyclone-induced catastrophic flood (up to 40,393 m (super 3) s (super -1) ). Deposition of plant material occurs in five main ways: (1) burial in situ, (2) fall directly onto sediments of the emergent bars and burial, (3) wind transport before burial, (4) entrainment and deposition by flowing water, and (5) pre-existing accumulations of plant material within sediment may be eroded and re-deposited. Each of these depositional styles produces plant-material assemblages with distinct characteristics: (1) in-situ plant remnants (roots and stems) overturned in the flow direction, (2) mostly leaf material within falling stage mud near-parallel to bedding surfaces and showing weak-strong alignment often with more than one mode, (3) dense accumulations of complete leaves and small twigs in dune troughs and scour hollows, often with locally strong clast alignment but wide directional scatter through the deposit, (4) (i) isolated, palaeoflow-parallel logs within bar deposits, dense chaotic accumulations of logs and other debris, either (ii) associated with in-situ trees, or (iii) with bank irregularities, and (iv) strandline deposits (dominantly wood fragments, seeds, and minor proportions of other plant parts with a wide range of orientations), (5) finely comminuted plant material in cross-bedded and ripple cross-laminated sand, often composed dominantly of leaf fragments with long-axis alignment related to sedimentary structure. The predominance of different assemblage types and the nature of those assemblages vary with discharge and with location within the channel belt. Identification of characteristic plant-material assemblages, combined with sedimentary facies should allow improved interpretation of the depositional environment of ancient deposits and help assess discharge variability. In the Burdekin River and similar settings, the plant-material assemblages within the channel are dominated by plant parts from plants growing within the channel, and the floodplain community is relatively unrepresented.

Alexander J, Fielding CR, Newman Sutherland. E, Campbell l, Munn V. 1996. Trees influencing flow and sedimentation in the sub-humid, tropical upper Burdekin River, north Queensland, Australia. In: Geoscience for the Community. 13th Australian Geological Convention, Canberra, 19-23 February, 1996. Geological Society of Australia. Abstracts; 41:10
Keywords: River-flow/ Sediment-transport/ Vegetation-/ Geomorphology-

Alexander J, Fielding CR, Pocock GD. 1999. Flood behaviour of the Burdekin River, tropical North Queensland, Australia. In: Marriott, S B & Alexander, J (Eds.), Floodplains: Interdisciplinary Approaches. The Geological Society of London. Special Publication; No.163; 27-40
Keywords: Floods-/ Flood-plains/ Flood-control/ Alluvium-
Abstract: River systems of this type may give rise to more sandy overbank deposits than is common in most fluvial settings. One of 24 papers in this special publication.

Alexander J, Fielding CR, Wakefield SJ, George MT, Cottnam CF. 2001. Fluvial geochemistry through a short-duration, tropical-cyclone induced discharge event in the Burdekin River and Hann Creek, North Queensland, Australia. Aquatic Geochemistry; 7(4):275-93
Keywords: Surface-water-quality:-rivers-and-streams
Abstract: The chemical composition of river water integrates a number of factors such as weathering, land use, climate, vegetation cover and human activity that individually affect its chemistry. Short term variations may also be significant. The Burdekin River, NE Australia, is an example of a class of tropical streams which experiences two to four orders of magnitude variation in discharge in response to seasonal but erratic monsoonal and cyclonic rainfall. In these systems individual discharge events last for days to weeks. Given the inherent difficulty sampling these events published data on water chemistry (and thus calculated fluxes and global budgets) may tend to be biased to low flow conditions. One such discharge event in February 1996 has been investigated for its impact on the chemistry of the water. Major cations (Na, Mg, K, Ca) all decreased in concentration as the water level rose, as did the minor elements Sr, Ba and U. Some other trace elements, notably Rb, Cr, Pb and REE were enriched in the peak flow waters. The flux of all measured elements increased substantially during the seven days of the discharge event. Such short term but significant events will have a major impact on the annual fluxes of elements delivered to the oceans from the land and global discharge budgets may need to take them into account when refining databases in the future.

Alibert C, Kinsley L, Fallon SJ, McCulloch MT, Berkelmans R, McAllister F. 2003. Source of trace element variability in Great Barrier Reef corals affected by the Burdekin flood plumes. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta; 67(2):231-46
Abstract: Massive corals in the Great Barrier Reef, analyzed at high-resolution for Sr/Ca (thermal ionization mass spectrometry) and trace elements such as Ba and Mn (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), can provide continuous proxy records of dissolved seawater concentrations, as well as sea surface temperature (SST). A 10-yr record (1989 to 1998) from Pandora Reef, an inshore reef regularly impacted by the freshwater plumes of the Burdekin River, is compared with an overlapping record from a midshelf reef, away from runoff influences. Surface seawater samples, taken away from river plumes, show little variability for Sr/Ca (8484 ± 10 < mu >mol/mol) and Ba (33.7 ± 0.7 nmol/kg). Discrete Ba/Ca peaks in the inshore coral coincide with flood events. The magnitude of this Ba/Ca enrichment is most likely controlled by the amount of suspended sediments delivered to the estuary, which remains difficult to monitor. The maximum flow rate at peak river discharge is used here as a proxy for the sediment load and is shown to be strongly correlated with coral Ba/Ca (r = 0.97). After the wet summer of 1991, the coral Ba/Ca flood peak is followed by a plateau that lingers for several months after dissipation of plume waters, signifying an additional flux of Ba that may originate from submarine groundwater seeps and/or mangrove reservoirs. Both Mn and Y are enriched by a factor of < similar-to > 5 in inshore relative to midshelf corals. Mn/Ca ratios show a seasonal cycle that follows SST (r = 0.7), not river discharge, with an additional high variability in summer suggesting a link with biological activity. P and Cd show no significant seasonal variation and are at a low level at both inshore and midreef locations. However, leaching experiments suggest that part of the coral P is not lattice bound.

Allen CM, Chappell BW. 1993. Contrasting Carboniferous-Permian and Cretaceous plutonism in the Urannah Batholith, northern New England Fold Belt. In: Flood, P G & Aitchison, J C (Eds.), New England Orogen, Eastern Australia. Papers Presented at a Conference, Armidale, NSW, 2-4 February, 1993. University of New England. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Armidale, NSW; 573-9
Keywords: Plutons-/ Igneous-rocks/ Granite-/ Radiometric-dating/ Plate-tectonics/ Carboniferous-/ Permian-/ Cretaceous-/ SF5503 8556/ SF5503 8557/ SF5504 8656/ SF5504 8657/ SF5507 8554/ SF5507 8555/ SF5508 8654/ SF5508 8655

Allen RJ. 1980. Mineral resources of the Fitzroy River Basin. In: Water and Energy Resources of the Fitzroy River Basin. Papers Presented to a Symposium of the Queensland State Committee of the Water Research Foundation of Australia, Rockhampton, 31 October, 1980. The Committee, Brisbane; 42p
Keywords: Coal-resources/ Coal-reserves/ Coal-production/ Oil-shale/ Gold-deposits/ Copper-deposits/ Silver-/ Industrial-materials/ Mineral-deposits-Qld/ Production-
Abstract: Substantial coal resources, and production and mines.

Alliger J, Jackson VN, McIlrath HC. 1973. Data collection and processing techniques for increased significance of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin; 57(4):766
Keywords: airborne-/ Australasia-/ Australia-/ data-processing/ Duchess-/ economic-geology/ gamma-ray/ geophysical-methods/ mineral-exploration/ mineral-resources/ Queensland-Australia/ radioactivity-methods/ spectroscopy-

Allison GB. 1999. Consultancy report on possible R and D activities on the environmental impacts of irrigation for the National Program for Irrigation R and D. Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. Research and Development Final Report; ALL2;
Abstract: An evaluation of possible research and development (R and D) activities on the environmental impact of irrigation for the National Program for Irrigation R and D (NPIRD) strongly recommends that a whole of catchment approach be adopted in R and D activities, that projects be organised on the basis of satellite and linked projects, and that projects incorporate socioeconomic considerations. In relation to eight Stage 1 project proposals, it is considered that none of the projects were suitable for Stage 2 proposals in their current format. The evaluation also identified a possible investment strategy based on proposals for the Ord River, the Fitzroy River, and the Goulburn-Broken Rivers. On balance it is considered that the Ord River proposal ranks highest, and has the advantage of having a data rich environment.

Almond CS. 1983. Stratigraphic drilling report; GSQ Eromanga 1. Queensland Government Mining Journal; 84(983):358-68
Keywords: Australasia-/ Australia-/ biostratigraphy-/ Canaway-Ridge/ electrical-methods/ Eromanga-/ gamma-ray-methods/ geophysical-methods/ GSQ-Eromanga-1/ interpretation-/ lithostratigraphy-/ microfossils-/ Paleozoic-/ palynomorphs-/ Queensland-Australia/ southwestern-Queensland/ stratigraphy-/ well-logging

Amirul Islam FM, Wasimi SA, Wood GR. 1999. Macro-scale influence of climate on crop production in the Fitzroy catchment of Central Queensland. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research; 50(4):529-36
Keywords: Agriculture
Abstract: When the dynamics of a system is too complex to be analytically modelled, it has been found useful to assume that expected values of explanatory variables generate expected values of the response variable, and hence, deviations from the expected value of the response variable can be modelled by a Linear Perturbation Model (LPM) of the explanatory variables. This method is used in this study to develop a technique to update crop forecasts where climate is a major factor in crop production. The study is important because modern cultivars, which are the result of genetic gains, are sensitive to climatic variability, and recent studies with general circulation models suggest that one of the consequences of an increase in greenhouse gases may be greater variability in the climate of a region. The usefulness of the LPM technique in the study of agriculture-climate relationships is tested through application to the Fitzroy catchment in Central Queensland. Since no reported climatic change is yet occurring in the region, the expected values for climatic conditions are obtained through averaging. By contrast, the expected values of crop yield are obtained from trend analysis; such trends are mainly attributable to genetic gains in the recent past. Three crops (wheat, barley, and sunflower) have been studied. Deviations (or perturbations) in crop yields are related, in the framework of LPM, to deviations in minimum, maximum, and average values of rainfall, temperature, and humidity at planting, flowering, and harvesting time. The most significant climatic factors affecting deviations in crop yield are identified. Regression models are developed which are capable of filtering and updating crop forecasts due to any unexpected climatic conditions, assuming consistent genetic trends and management practices.

Ammons JT, Noble RRP, Benson JL, Walker DS. 2000. Selected chemical characterization of five minesoil profiles in Australia, implications for future land use. In: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation; a New Era of Land Reclamation; 17:568-73
Abstract: Four minesoil profiles were sampled in Queensland and one in New South Wales, Australia, for chemical characterization. These sites represent minesoils from the upper and lower portions of the Bowen Basin, with overburden dominated by Permian sandstone and some mudstones. The objective of this study was to compare chemical properties to establish future land use potential. Total dissolution analysis using a modified micro-wave technique included the following elements: Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, and Zn. Total C, N, and S were determined using 60 mesh samples on the LECO CNS 2000. In addition, organic C was determined using the Walkely-Black technique. Total P values were low in the Queensland minesoils. Organic C and total N values were higher in the New South Wales minesoil than those values found in the Queensland minesoils. This is primarily due to age of the minesoils. Sodium concentrations are high and may present special problems for plant establishment. Chemical measurements are a key component to assess future land use.

Amos KJ, Alexander J, Horn A, Pocock GD, Fielding CR. 2004. Supply limited sediment transport in a high-discharge event of the tropical Burdekin River, North Queensland, Australia. Sedimentology; 51(1):145-62
Keywords: Sediments-and-sedimentary-processes-transport/ Sediments-and-sedimentary-processes-transport
Abstract: Interactions between catchment variables and sediment transport processes in rivers are complex, and sediment transport behaviour during high-flow events is not well documented. This paper presents an investigation into sediment transport processes in a short-duration, high-discharge event in the Burdekin River, a large sand- and gravel-bed river in the monsoon- and cyclone-influenced, semi-arid tropics of north Queensland. The Burdekin's discharge is highly variable and strongly seasonal, with a recorded maximum of 40 400 m³ s^-1. Sediment was sampled systematically across an 800 m wide, 12 m deep and straight reach using Helley-Smith bedload and US P-61 suspended sediment samplers over 16 days of a 29-day discharge event in February and March 2000 (peak 11 155 m³ s^-1). About 3·7 × 10⁶ tonnes of suspended sediment and 3 × 10⁵ tonnes of bedload are estimated to have been transported past the sample site during the flow event. The sediment load was predominantly supply limited. Wash load included clay, silt and very fine sand. The concentration of suspended bed material (including very coarse sand) varied with bedload transport rate, discharge and height above the bed. Bedload transport rate and changes in channel shape were greatest several days after peak discharge. Comparison between these data and sparse published data from other events on this river shows that the control on sediment load varies between supply limited and hydraulically limited transport, and that antecedent weather is an important control on suspended sediment concentration. Neither the empirical relationships widely used to estimate suspended sediment concentrations and bedload (e.g. Ackers & White, 1973) nor observations of sediment transport characteristics in ephemeral streams (e.g. Reid & Frostick, 1987) are directly applicable to this river.

Amprimo JF. 1983. Burdekin Falls reservoir backwater analysis for resumption (including the Burdekin, Suttor, Cape, Rollston and Sellheim Rivers). Queensland. Water Resources Commission, Brisbane. Hydrology Report; No 12002 PR/6; 53p
Keywords: Flood-Forecasting/ Backwater-/ Reservoirs-
Abstract: The proposed Burdekin Falls reservoir will back up the Burdekin, Suttor, Cape, Rollston and Sellheim Rivers. This study aims to locate, on each river, the most upstream cut-off point which is to be used for resumption design. The study estimated the magnitude of floods for the reach, on each river, where the cut-off point was expected to occur. Flood profiles for these discharges were computed by backwater analysis through the reach. Cut-off points were then located and the most upstream cut-off point identified.

Amprimo JF. 1983. Report on regional flood frequency study for Burdekin catchment down to Burdekin Falls. Queensland. Water Resources Commission, Brisbane. Hydrology Report; No 120002 PR/5; 64p
Abstract: Data from fourteen catchments in the Burdekin River Basin upstream of Burdekin Falls damsite were analysed in a regional flood frequency study to relate peak flood estimates of 50, 10, 2, 1, .5, .1 and .01 percent annual exceedence probability to catchment areas and mean annual rainfall variable by multiple linear regression methods. Greater equation accuracy was obtained when the data was divided into two sub-basin sets -the Upper Burdekin and the Suttor. The Upper Burdekin equations are based on catchment area alone and explained 56 percent of the variance in the data. The Suttor equations are based on area and rainfall and explained 74 percent of the variance in the data.

Anderson ER. 1993. The grazing lands of the Fitzroy catchment and their management. In: Fitzroy Catchment Symposium, 12-13 Nov 1992, Rockhampton, Proceedings. University of Central Queensland, Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Capricorn Conservation Council, United Graziers' Association of Queensland, Rockhampton; 2p
Abstract: The effects of pastoralism on the original vegetation of the Fitzroy River catchment are noted. Grazing land studies currently being undertaken in the area are outlined and the importance of grazing management is highlighted.

Anderson JC. 1974. Departmental coal drilling, Consuelo Programme, south-west Bowen Basin. Queensland Government Mining Journal; 75(874):273-5

Anderson JC. 1981. Departmental coal drilling, southwest Bowen Basin, Lexton-Vandyke area. Queensland. Geological Survey. Record; 1981/35:3p
Keywords: Coal-exploration-Qld/ Core-drilling/ Stratigraphy-Qld/ Carboniferous-/ Permian-/ SF5515 8450/ SG5503 8449

Andrew AS, Morrison GW, Whitford DJ. 1992. Origin of alunite-group minerals in the Mount Leyshon and Kidston gold deposits, Queensland: implications for mineralization style. CSIRO. Centre for Isotope Studies. Research Report 1991-92; 5-10
Keywords: Gold-exploration-Qld/ Alunite-/ Indicator-minerals/ Regolith-/ Ore-genesis/ Sulphur-isotopes/ Oxygen-isotopes/ Rubidium-strontium-dating/ Sulphide-minerals/ SE5509 7760/ SF5502 8157

Anfiloff V. 1982. Combined seismic-gravity interpretation over the Donnybrook Anticline, central Queensland. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics; 7(4):303-14
Keywords: Seismic-surveys/ Gravity-surveys/ Geophysical-surveys-Qld/ Geophysical-interpretation/ Structural-geology-Qld
Abstract: Accurate modelling demonstrates a complex involving three discordant basins.

Anonymous. 1999. Application of Social Science to Resource Management in the Asia-Pacific Region: 1999 International Symposium on Society and Resource Management, 7-10 July 1999, Brisbane QLD, Proceedings. University of Queensland, Brisbane. Research and Development Final Report (Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation); CCQ1; 240p
Keywords: Natural-Resource-Management/ Resource-Management/ Conservation-/ Environmental-Management/ Land-Management/ Human-Activity/ Sociology-
Abstract: The abstracts from all papers presented to an international symposium on the Application of Social Science to Resource Management in the Asia- Pacific Region are presented in a single volume. The papers address a broad range of sub themes including indigenous land and resource management, social and environmental assessment, community participation in resource management, social science of parks and protected areas, human-wildlife interactions, integrated resource management, watershed management and soil conservation.

Anonymous. 1977. Artificial replenishment of ground-water supplies of the Burdekin Delta. Aqua; 1(2):164-5
Keywords: aquifers-/ artificial-recharge/ Australasia-/ Australia-/ Burdekin-Delta/ Burdekin-River/ ground-water/ hydrogeology-/ Queensland-Australia/ recharge-/ surveys-

Anonymous. 2003. Coordination of the science to combat the nation's salinity problem. House of Representatives Standing Committee on Science and Innovation. Hansard 7 November 2003; 101p. (http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/reps/commttee/R7150.pdf (Accessed 10/12/2003))

Anonymous. 1984. Focus on the Lower Burdekin and Herbert River areas. Australian Sugar Journal; 76(7):303-9
Keywords: Sugar-Cane/ Farms-and-Farming/ Water-Resources/ Dams-/ Building-and-Construction/ Deltas-/ Groundwater-/ Recharge-/ Irrigation-Plant-Sugar-Industry
Abstract: This feature consists of short articles on sugar cane growing in the Lower Burdekin and Herbert River areas QLD. Items dealing with water resources are: Schemes to replenish underground water in the Burdekin Delta, progress on construction of the Burdekin Dam, and description of the Herbert River delta and its irrigation system. Other aspects covered are brief histories of the areas, educational institutions and cane production and milling.

Anonymous. 1981. Ground water recharge in the Burdekin Delta: field trip notes. In: Groundwater Recharge Conference, 14-18 July 1980, James Cook University of North Queensland, Proceedings. AGPS, Canberra. Australian Water Resources Council Conference Series; No 3; 132-41
Keywords: agriculture-/ Australasia-/ Australia-/ Ayr-/ Burdekin-Delta/ carbohydrates-/ ground-water/ Home-Hill/ hyacinth-/ hydrogeology-/ irrigation-/ management-/ organic-compounds/ organic-materials/ Para-grass/ Queensland-Australia/ recharge-/ sugars-/ surveys-
Abstract: The conference included a field trip to the Burdekin Delta some 80km southeast of Townsville, where the largest and most successful artificial groundwater recharge project in Australia, has been developed over the past 15 years. A report on the trip is included in the conference proceedings. Information is presented under the following headings: geographic setting, irrigation and the sugar industry, scheme management and financing, recharge works, and problems.

Anonymous. 1983. Inland diversion studies ordered. Engineers Australia; 55(2):19-23
Abstract: Examines 2 inland diversion proposals which will be the subjects of comprehensive studies under the Federal Government's $640 million water resources development scheme. In Queensland, a prefeasibility study estimated the costs of diverting the water from the Tully, Herbert, and Burdekin rivers across the Great Dividing Range to the Flinders River, by tunnels. In New South Wales, it has been proposed that water could be diverted west across the Range from the Clarence River catchment. The article examines, for both schemes, the costs, the methods, and the potential advantages.

Anonymous. 1995. Is water quality management improving?: advantages and advantages of community-driven water quality monitoring. In: Queensland Landcare Conference, July 1994, Gatton, Proceedings. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Conference and Workshop Series; QC95002; 148-54
Keywords: Water-Quality (Natural-Waters)/ Water-Quality-Monitoring/ Community-Participation/ Streams (in-Natural-Channels)/ Bodies (Corporate)/ Finance-/ State-Agencies/ Catchment-Areas/ Pollution-Indicators/ Rural-Areas/ Total-Catchment-Management/ Rivers-
Abstract: Initiatives like the National Landcare Program, upgrading sewage treatment plants, increased soil conservation activities, use of less harmful pesticides, activities of Greening Australia, integrated catchment management, protective Natural Resources legislation, WaterWise and increased community consultation are all working towards improved water quality. At the same time, continued clearing, increased and inefficient use of water, increased numbers of storages and diversions from rivers, progressive straightening of rivers, increases in numbers of exotic species, and population growth are impacting adversely on water quality. Community driven water quality monitoring programs highlight the problems for the people who can make a difference to water quality locally. They are more effective than programs directed by government agencies.

Anonymous. 1999. Land Use Mapping Project. National Land and Water Resources Audit, Canberra. Fast Facts; No 13; 2p
Abstract: Mapping Australia's land use pattern provides a geographic basis for characterization of rural landscapes and also provides links to agricultural production, land management practices and other resource information. The project will prepare land use maps for Gippsland and the Fitzroy River catchment suitable for predictive modelling at the catchment scale, and carry out broadscale land use mapping for the whole of Western Australia. A national land use layer will be prepared as part of the Audit framework dataset with satellite imagery from 1996-97. Agreed specifications for mapping land use type, commodities and land management practices for the Australian continent will also be developed and an interpreted land use dataset on agricultural commodities will be provided. The methods, results and conclusions, including an assessment of the quality and accuracy of the information provided, will be collated in a final report.

Anonymous. 1986. Landscape, soil and water salinity: Burdekin Regional Salinity Workshop, 15-17 Apr 1986, Ayr, Proceedings. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Conference and Workshop Series; QC86003;
Abstract: Workshop considers basic principles and processes of landscape salting and various topics concerning salinity, mostly from the Burdekin region. Aims to improve dialogue between research and field staff. Discusses soil and water salinity, salinity measurement and data interpretation. Provides guidelines on minimum information on salting outbreaks that should be obtained in order to enable planning and management of reclamation. Also, gives guidelines for assessment and management of irrigation waters for different crop, environment and soil situations. In the discussion of Burdekin region salinity, includes water quality and its determination and management, prevention, reclamation and consequences of the problem.

Anonymous. 1987. New dam prevents big cane loss. Australian Canegrower; 9(8):31-2
Keywords: Sugar-Cane/ Irrigation-/ Sugar-Industry/ Irrigation-Plant/ Recharge-/ Aquifers-
Abstract: The first water to come from the Burdekin Dam will be used to relieve the problems created by the failure of the wet season which threatened to cost the sugar industry $40 dollars this year. The water will flow into the Haughton River beginning on 1 Aug and will be used to irrigate late plantings. The Invicta Mill at Giru has been drawing its water from the town bore. If it became necessary to stop the mill, the large area would be without crushing facilities. The Queensland Water Resources Minister, Mr. Martin Tenni, indicated the necessary work to move the water would be completed on time. Further, the Queensland Water Resources Commission would help Giru farmers by recharging groundwater resources to meet the needs of this year's crop.

Anonymous. 1982. North gears up for the changes that a Burdekin dam will bring. Australian Canegrower; 4(8):59-60
Abstract: The Burdekin River Irrigation scheme was discussed at the 'Dam on the Burdekin' symposium held on 26 June 1982 organized by the North Queensland Sub-Branch of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science. Work on the project had begun in 1980-81 and would end in 1988 with the first water available in 1986. The additional water would allow creation of new farms. Possible salinization is the greatest threat to the success of the project.

Anonymous. 1998. Overcoming salinity at Balfes Creek catchment. Australian Landcare; 61
Keywords: Salinity
Abstract: The Balfes Creek catchment was chosen as a focus catchment for the National Dryland Salinity Program (NDSP) as an area with existing dryland salinity and at risk of further problems. It has been shown that the risk of salinity problems in the catchment was greater following tree clearing, due to increased water going into the groundwater and raising the water table. There is an urgent need to provide a set of land management guidelines for landowners if the risk of dryland salinity is to be reduced. Paddock-scale guidelines that focus on vegetation management strategies and sustainable grazing practices are being developed. Salinity risk areas are being identified on individual farms using aerial photography and satellite imagery.

Anonymous. 1994. Overview of water resources and related issues: the upper Burdekin region. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane; 44p
Abstract: Responsible water resource development and management can only be achieved if it is based on an understanding of the resource and related issues. This report focuses on the upper Burdekin region, and examines the existing and likely future water demands, available water supplies, and significant, water related environmental and social issues.

Anonymous. 1983. Queensland study questions efficiency. Irrigation Farmer; 10(2):23
Keywords: Flood-Irrigation/ Cotton-/ Irrigation-/ Drainage-/ Runoff-/ Waterlogged-/ Infiltration-/ Emerald-Irrigation-Area
Abstract: Queensland's Department of Primary Industry is undertaking a water management study in the Emerald Irrigation Area. The study aims to improve irrigation management of cotton crops by determining the amount and frequency of watering necessary for maximum efficiency. Preliminary results indicate that the area is well suited to flood irrigation. Associated studies are being made into deep drainage and the waterlogging of soils.

Anonymous. 1995. The untapped irrigation potential of the Fitzroy Valley. Australian Cottongrower; 16(3):30-4
Keywords: Agriculture
Abstract: A summary is presented of a report on the irrigation potential of the Fitzroy Valley WA. The study concludes that establishment of a large scale cotton industry on the black soil plains, horticultural development on sandy soils using groundwater for irrigation and irrigation of leucaena pastures using water pumped from the Fitzroy River WA will achieve optimum development of the irrigation potential. A positive return on capital investment could be gained by a large scale cotton industry involving: the public sector constructing and operating the headworks, storages, main channels and pump stations to supply water to 40000ha of potentially irrigable land and the private sector constructing and operating all of the internal channels, drains, roads and levees required for flood mitigation and irrigation of 25000ha of cotton annually during the dry season.

Anstey M. 1993. Norwich Park mine water management: a case study summary. In: Fitzroy Catchment Symposium, 12-13 Nov 1992, Rockhampton, Proceedings. University of Central Queensland, Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Capricorn Conservation Council, United Graziers' Association of Queensland, Rockhampton; 8p
Abstract: Coal mining operations at Norwich Park are described. Water management of open cut pits is outlined and the control of spills to minimize degradation of water quality in the district is discussed.

Archbold NW. 1997. The palaeobiogeography of the Australasian Permian. In: Palaeobiogeography of Australasian Faunas and Floras; Abstracts and Programme. Geological Society of Australia. Abstracts; 48:3

Armstrong D. 1988. Groundwater problems: general report. In: Prediction Versus Performance: Australia-New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, 5th, 22-26 Aug 1989, Sydney, Preprints. Institution of Engineers, Australia, Barton ACT. National Conference Publication; 88/11; 57-65
Keywords: Ground-water
Abstract: Groundwater problems in the field of geotechnical engineering form 2 areas of major concern: movement into or out of excavations and the detrimental effect of water on slope stability. Three papers are critically reviewed. These deal with large scale permeability testing at Fitzroy Canal NSW, groundwater inflow into 2 mines in the South Sydney Basin NSW and the relationship between rainfall and landslide occurrence at Lake Macquarie NSW. Alternative models or interpretation of observed data are presented.

Armstrong KJ. 1985. Burdekin Falls Dam - report on rock stress measurements. Queensland. Geological Survey. Record; 1985/16:39p
Keywords: Dam-site-investigations / Dams-/ Foundations-/ Rock-mechanics/ Rock-bursts/ Stress-measurement/ Overcoring-/ Strain-gauges/ Core-drilling

Armstrong KJ. 1984. Stanwell Power Station water supply: geological report on Fitzroy River (AMTD 156.1km) weir site. Geological Survey of Queensland. Record; 1984/40:69p
Keywords: Sites-/ Power-Generation/ Weirs-/ Augmentation-/ Geology-/ Water-Supplies (Industrial)
Abstract: This report covers investigations to determine the suitability of a proposed weir site on the Fitzroy River (AMTD 156.1km) to augment the Stanwell Power Station water supply. Investigations included geological mapping, core and auger drilling, water pressure tests, in situ permeability tests, standard penetration tests and laboratory testing. Suitable foundations for the weir exist. Stream sand and gravel deposits were investigated as potential sources of concrete aggregate and found to be alkali-reactive, although mortar bar tests will be carried out to verify that. Durable rock suitable for use as rock basket filling is available 4.2km upstream from the weir site. Large quantities of nondispersive clay are available within the alluvial plain northwest of the weir site, if needed for placement in a double-walled coffer dam or an embankment to act as a coffer for weir construction.

Arthington AH, Pusey BJ. 1993. Ecological basis for integrated catchment and river management: essential research in the Fitzroy River catchment. In: Fitzroy Catchment Symposium, 12-13 Nov 1992, Rockhampton, Proceedings. University of Central Queensland, Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Capricorn Conservation Council, United Graziers' Association of Queensland, Rockhampton; 8p
Abstract: A new research program at the Griffith University Centre for Catchment and In-stream Research is designed to provide a sound ecological basis for the integrated management of Queensland rivers. The Fitzroy River will be one of the major study areas. It will be compared with the Burdekin River and other rivers studied to date.

Arthington AH, Pusey BJ, Read MG. 1993. The regulation and habitat requirements of eastern Australian lotic fish communities: appropriate use of the in-stream flow incremental methodology. Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. Research and Development Final Report; GRU3; 7p
Abstract: One of the major issues in river management in Australia is the maintenance of instream flows for environmental purposes. Several methods for estimating environmental flows have been developed in the United States and their applicability to Australian rivers of high flow variability has been questioned. This research has determined and modelled the abiotic and biological factors which regulate fish distributions and assemblage structures in coastal Queensland and presents a preliminary classification of these rivers based upon the relationships of fish assemblages to physical habitat structure, which in turn is related to flow regime, channel morphology and catchment areas. The project has developed a new approach to instream flow management and has contributed to the development of policies and strategies for instream flow and river management in Queensland.

Arunakumaren J, Durick A, Jensen G. 1999. A practical approach to include regional soil water processes in groundwater flow modelling. In: Water 99: Joint Congress: Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, 25th, International Conference on Water Resources and Environmental Research, 2nd, 6-8 July 1999, Brisbane, Proceedings. Institution of Engineers, Australia, Barton ACT. V.1; 519-24
Keywords: Groundwater-/ Water-Management/ Modelling (Hydrological)/ Data-Handling/ Soil-Water-Systems/ Water-Soil-Plant-Interactions/ Salinity-/ Recharge-/ Water-Allocation/ Irrigation-Water/ Land-Use/ Water-Use/ Surface-Water/ Hydrology-/ SPLASH-/ MODFLOW-
Abstract: The ways in which the range of complex interacting hydrological processes were considered in the development of a groundwater management model for the Burdekin River irrigation Area are discussed. A lumped parameter model SPLASH (Soil PLAnt Salinity and RecHarge) was developed for simulating the temporal behaviour of moisture in the plant root zone and in the unsaturated zone between the root zone on a regional scale. Irrigation use and recharge data generated by SPLASH for different cases combined with GIS data on land use and surface water usage provided input to a management model, MODFLOW, to determine groundwater allocations. It is argued that the model assists resource managers to address interacting issues rather than focussing on short term remedies.

Ashkanasy NM, Duczmal ZR, Kopittke RA, Hume JE, Sebestyen B. 1975. Three examples of hydrologic analysis for integrated water resource planning. In: Hydrology Symposium, 1975, Armidale, Papers. Institution of Engineers, Australia, Sydney. National Conference Publication; No 75/3; 163-7
Keywords: Systems-Analysis/ Streams (in-Natural-Channels)/ Water-Resources-Planning/ Integration-/ Water-Yields/ Water-Resources/ Modelling (General)/ Catchment-Areas/ Rainfall-Runoff-Relationship/ Discharge (of-Natural-Waters)/ Simulation-/ Rivers-
Abstract: Queensland's coastal rivers have a huge agricultural and industrial potential which has come under intense development only in recent years. This paper describes how a generalised simulation model has been applied in the analysis of three major coastal river systems. The essential point is that an integrated approach has been used in both flow derivation and system behaviour analysis, and the paper concludes that this technique leads to higher expected yield and more practical operating rules.

Ashkanasy NM, Hazel CP. 1973. The conjunctive utilization of surface and groundwater supplies: a case study. Institution of Engineers, Australia, Sydney. National Conference Publication; No 73/3; 5-14
Keywords: Surface-Water/ Groundwater-/ Use-/ Water-Supplies/ Aquifers-/ Modelling (Hydrological)/ Modelling (General)/ Irrigation-/ Water-Management/ Recharge-
Abstract: Presents an analysis of the groundwater resources of the Callide Valley in central Queensland, and sets out a means whereby inadequate groundwater supply in augmented by utilizing a surface water storage and groundwater storage in conjunction with one another. The prime element in the analysis is a computer programme designed for the simulation of operation of any generalised river basin system. The primary conclusion of the study is that it is possible to assemble a set of operation rules for conjunctive use which will lead to increased system efficiency.

Ashwath N, Bellairs SM, Navie SC. 1999. Soil seedbanks in the serpentine habitats of Rockhampton-Marlborough region, Australia. In: Eldridge, D & Freudenberger, D (Eds.), People and Rangelands Building the Future: International Rangeland Conference, 6th, 19-23 July 1999, Townsville, Proceedings. International Rangeland Congress, Aitkenvale, 1999. Volume 2; 982-4
Keywords: Soil (Types-of)/ Vegetation-/ Grasses-/ Seeds-/ Species (Biological)/ Distribution (Mathematical)/ Community-Composition/ Recruitment-/ Survey-/ Mines-and-Mining/ Habitat-/ Threat-/ Land-Restoration/ Rangelands-/ Revegetation-/ Grasslands-/ Land-Management
Abstract: The Rockhampton-Marlborough region in Queensland has large areas of serpentine habitat which contain unique flora including many rare and endangered species. A study to characterize the seed banks present in topsoil from the majority of plant communities at the Lagoon Hill nickel mining site in Queensland was conducted in an effort to identify ways in which mining could be conducted in the area while still preserving the habitats of the region's unique flora. Analysis of seed numbers, composition and germination rates indicate that the seed banks of topsoils in serpentine habitats contain reasonable numbers of viable native grass and forb seeds, but low counts of tree and shrub seeds. The findings indicate that mining companies in serpentine habitats could rely on local topsoil as a source of native grass seeds in rehabilitation programs.

Aspandiar MF, Eggleton RA, Orr T, van Eck M, Taylor G. 1997. An understanding of regolith and landscape evolution as an aid to mineral exploration - the Charters Towers experience. In: Resourcing the 21st Century. The AusIMM 1997 Annual Conference, Ballarat, 12-15 March, 1997. Papers. AusIMM Publication Series; 1/97:125-9
Keywords: Mineral-exploration-Qld/ Regolith-/ Landforms-/ Geomorphic-evolution/ Geochemical-exploration-Qld/ Weathering-/ Gold-deposits-Qld/ Vein-deposits/ Volcanogenic-deposits/ Massive-sulphide-deposits/ Base-metal-deposits-Qld/ Porphyries-/ Exploration-potential

Associated Freney Oilfields NL. 1961. Cooroorah Anticline Gravity Survey, central Queensland, 1959. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics. Petroleum Search Subsidy Acts. Publication; 20
Keywords: Geophysical-surveys-Qld/ Gravity-interpretation/ Gravity-maps/ Gravity-surveys/ Petroleum-exploration-Qld/ Stratigraphic-succession/ SF5516 8650/ SF5516 8651/ SF5516 8750/ SF5516 8751
Abstract: Broad gravity low south of MacKenzie River and west of Bluff.

Aubrey DJR. 1980. Raglan Creek damsite 65.7km geology. Queensland Water Resources Commission, Brisbane; 16p
Keywords: Dams-/ Geology-/ Building-Materials/ Spillway-/ Foundations-
Abstract: Limited geological investigations aimed at achieving a preliminary appraisal was conducted on a damsite 65.7km on Raglan Creek. The site is located on metavolcanics of the Devonian Mt Holly Beds. Investigations, though severely limited, concluded that few geological problems exist and that it is feasible to construct an earth and rockfill structure at the proposed site. An overflow chute spillway can be constructed on the left abutment. The main problems are: 1) The need to remove up to 7 metres of unconsolidated sand and gravel in the creek bed, 2) Whether it is correct to assume the existence of a relatively uniform clay layer across the alluvium and upstream of the proposed axis, 3) The relative strength of the clay materials and whether it is possible to site the embankment on top of them, 4) The possibility of existence of further faults or crushed zones in the abutment foundations not discovered during this phase of investigations, and 5) The apparent lack of a large naturally occurring source of filter and concrete aggregate materials.

Australia. Department of National Development GS. 1972. Burdekin-Townsville Region, Queensland, Resources Series; Geology and Minerals. Department of National Development, Geographic Section, Canberra; 67p
Keywords: areal-geology/ Australasia-/ Australia-/ Burdekin-/ explanatory-text/ geologic-/ maps-/ mineral-resources/ Queensland-Australia/ Townsville-Australia
Abstract: Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic history, mineral occurrences and mining history, explanatory text for accompanying geologic and mineral maps.

Ayre R. 1987. Report on Kroombit Creek yield analysis. Queensland Water Resources Commission, Brisbane. Hydrology Report; No 130322.PR;
Abstract: The estimated available historical safe yield in the Callide Valley is 20400ML per year with the inclusion of a 20000ML capacity dam at 68. 8km on Kroombit Creek and the conjunctive use of groundwater resources. The Sacramento Model was used for the stream flow generation and a generalized water resources model for yield determination.

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Baker DE, Ahern CR. 1989. Estimates of effective rooting depth for predicting available water capacity of Burdekin soils, Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research; 27(2):439-54
Keywords: effective-rooting-depth/ available-water-capacity/ Burdekin-soil/ rooting-depth/ Australia-/ Queensland-/ Burdekin-River
Abstract: In a recently assembled database for the Burdekin River Irrigation Area, no single criterion, commonly used to estimate rooting depth, was available for all sites. Therefore a number of methods of estimating rooting depth which give interchangeable results were required. This paper compares eight methods of estimating rooting depth within three AWC models and compares the outcome with field determinations. Soil properties used to estimate rooting depth were laboratory-based (two chloride methods, electrical conductivity and pH), morphological (carbonate and mottling) and two fixed depths (0.9 and 1.0 m). For all soils tested, the laboratory-based methods used within one AWC model (based on regression equations by using -1500 kPa water retained) resulted in predicted AWC values not significantly different (P < 0.05) from field measurements. The suitability of mottling was limited to cracking clays and sodic duplex soils and other rooting depth methods had varying applicability depending on soil type.

Baker DE, Rayment GE, Reid RE. 1983. Predictive relationships between pH and sodicity in soils of tropical Queensland. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis; 14(11):1063-73
Keywords: Soil-pH/ ESP-/ Soil-analysis/ Burdekin-River/ Australia.-
Abstract: Interrelations between soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage were examined using soils from the Burdekin River area in tropical Queensland. Highly significant correlations were found but the goodness of fit differed between groups of soil profile classes. By using the appropriate regression, pH levels associated with non-sodic, sodic and strongly sodic horizons have been defined.

Baker J. 1995. What is the NLAC? National Landcare Advisory Committee: and where does it fit? In: Queensland Landcare Conference, July 1994, Gatton, Proceedings. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Conference and Workshop Series; QC95002; 10-1
Keywords: Land-Use/ Community-Participation/ Farms-and-Farming/ Finance-/ Politics-/ Landcare-
Abstract: The Natural Resources Management (Financial Assistance) Act (1992) established the National Landcare Advisory Committee to make recommendations to the Federal Ministers for Primary Industries and Environment on natural resources management issues and to investigate and report on matters concerning natural resources management. The community must continue to be the driving force in determining the direction of Landcare.

Baker JC. 1997. Green ferric clay in non-marine sandstones of the Rewan Group, southern Bowen Basin, eastern Australia. Clay Minerals; 32(4):499-506
Abstract: Accessory green ferric clay occurs in fluvial litharenites of the Early Triassic Rewan Group. Although resembling glauconitic minerals in thin-section, electron microprobe analyses indicate that the green ferric clay is mainly ferric illite. The ferric illite may have formed in a small hypersaline lake or well drained, flood-plain soil, and its presence in the Rewan Group cannot be used to support a notion that the unit is partly marine influenced. Identification of the ferric illite by electron microprobe analysis shows that some green ferric clay, particularly those that resemble glauconitic minerals optically, may require precise quantitative elemental analysis before they can be used as a basis for environmental interpretation. Green ferric clay in the Rewan Group also includes detrital celadonite that most likely originated in a volcanic arc setting.

Balfe PE. 1980. Stratigraphic drilling report - GSQ Charters Towers 1. Queensland Government Mining Journal; 81(949):542-9
Keywords: Stratigraphic-drilling/ Coal-deposits-Qld/ Palynology-/ Stratigraphy-Qld/ Carboniferous-/ SF5502 8057
Abstract: Correlation with the Galilee Basin.

Balfe PE. 1981. Stratigraphic drilling report - GSQ Townsville 1. Queensland Government Mining Journal; 82(951):15-8
Keywords: Stratigraphic-drilling
Abstract: No Permian sediments in a gravity anomaly.

Balfe PE, Coffey DJ, Draper JJ, Matheson SC, Day RW. 1989. Permian coals of Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia. In: 28th International Geological Congress. V.1; 78-9

Bally I, Harris M, Foster S. 2002. Yield comparisons and cropping patterns of Kensington Pride mango selections. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture; 42(7):1009-15
Keywords: Agriculture
Abstract: Thirty-three trees were identified from commercial orchards in Queensland during the 1990-91 and 1991-92 seasons to investigate the potential of improving the agronomic and fruit quality aspects of Kensington Pride mango. These selections were grafted and planted in a replicated field trial in the Burdekin district for comparative evaluation. Cropping characteristics were recorded annually until the trees reached 10 years of age. Small yield variations were observed between the selections, with no significant differences between the top 19 selections. No single selection had outstanding yields, however 2 selections had significantly lower yields than the rest.. These findings indicate the difficulty in significantly improving Kensington Pride mangoes through selection from existing commercial germplasm. Sixteen of the best performing selections from the field trial were used as a top group to investigate the cropping characteristics of the cultivar. The average annual increase in yield and fluctuations from this average were modelled. The first significant crop was 15.7 kg per tree in year 4 and modelled yields increased by 23.3 kg per tree per year thereafter to year 10. There were significant annual fluctuations from the modelled trend with yields varying from between -44.7 to +35.7% of the expected yield. As fruit number per tree increased, average fruit weight decreased by 0.14g for every extra fruit.

Banks RJ. 1990. Selected geological constraints on rehabilitation. In: Beeston, J W (Comp.), Bowen Basin Symposium 1990; Proceedings; Incorporating GSA(SLD Division) Field Conference. Geological Society of Australia, Bowen Basin Geology Group; 144-7

Banks RJ. 1985. Tertiary basalts at Gregory. In: Bowen Basin Coal Symposium. Abstracts of a Symposium Held by the Coal Geology Group in Conjunction With the Geological Survey of Queensland, Rockhampton, 1-3 November, 1985. Geological Society of Australia. Abstracts.; 17:205-8
Keywords: Basalt-/ Aggregates-/ Blasting-/ Slope-stability/ Tertiary-/ SF5515 8550

Barry S. 1998. Biodiversity management in the Fitzroy region, Central Queensland. In: Grimes, J, Lawrence, G & Stehlik, D (Eds.), Sustainable Futures: Towards a Catchment Management Strategy for the Central Queensland Region, 20-21 Nov 1997, Rockhampton, Papers. Institute for Sustainable Regional Development, Rockhampton; 114-9
Abstract: The Australian landscape has been regionalized on the basis of recognizable geological, soil and vegetation patterns or discontinuities in the landscape. The Fitzroy River region is dominated by the Brigalow Belt North and Brigalow Belt South bioregions. This paper attempts a preliminary 'State of the Environment' report for the biodiversity of the region. The Fitzroy region contains a comparatively high percentage of the State's scheduled rare and threatened species. Some of the more significant regional issues associated with biodiversity management at the species level include investigating the adequacy of the existing reserve system, strategic consolidation and improved wildlife management within the reserve system to ensure the maintenance of species, acquisition of baseline data concerning species distribution/abundance patterns, improving understanding of the impact of habitat change in multiple land use situations, and providing improved management of rare or threatened species.

Bashari A. 1996. Petrography, diagenesis and reservoir characterisation of the Rewan Formation in the southern Bowen Basin, Queensland, Australia. Ph.D. Thesis. University of New South Wales. Kensington, N.S.W.;

Bastin G, Ash AJ, Corfield J, Abbott BN. 1999. Monitoring tropical tallgrass rangelands with aerial videography. In: Eldridge, D & Freudenberger, D (Eds.), People and Rangelands Building the Future: International Rangeland Conference, 6th, 19-23 July 1999, Townsville, Proceedings. International Rangeland Congress, Aitkenvale, 1999. Volume 2; 473-4
Keywords: Land (Grass-and-Pasture)/ Vegetation-/ Grasses-/ Shrubs-/ Trees-/ Community-Composition/ Distribution (Mathematical)/ Spatial-/ Monitoring-/ Methods-/ Aerial-Surveys/ Photography-/ Videographics-/ Data-Handling/ Arid-Regions/ Tropical-Regions/ Rangelands-/ Grasslands-/ Land-Management
Abstract: Sustainable rangeland management requires constant monitoring of the impacts of grazing to reduce the risk of land degradation through heavy defoliation of pastures. The potential for using aerial videography to measure herbage cover, compared with ground data was assessed in a grazing study at Charters Towers in northeast Queensland. Analysis of the results from each approach indicates that the video data allowed cover levels to be determined across the entire area of each paddock, and hence provided a more accurate estimate of actual cover than did ground data collection techniques. The video imagery techniques have the added advantage of enabling analyses of spatial patterning arising from environmental or grazing effects.

Bauer JA, Dixon O. 1981. Results of a seismic survey in the southern Denison Trough, Queensland, 1978-79. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics; 6(3):213-22

Bauer JA, Nelson AW. 1980. Southern Denison Trough; interpretation of seismic data from the Westgrove area. Queensland Government Mining Journal; 81(941):150-61

Bauld J. 1993. The Australian groundwater quality assessment project. AGSO Research Newsletter; 18:2-3
Keywords: Ground-water-quality/ Biogeochemistry-

Bauld J. 1994. Groundwater quality in irrigation areas of Australia: interactions of agriculture and hydrogeology. In: Water Down Under 94, 21-25 Nov 1994, Adelaide, Preprints of Papers. Institution of Engineers, Australia, Barton ACT. Vol. 2, Part B. National Conference Publication; 94/10; 423-8
Abstract: Shallow and rising groundwaters underlying irrigated agricultural areas are vulnerable to contamination by infiltrating agricultural chemicals and microbes of public health significance. Groundwater quality has been assessed for the unconfined aquifers of four irrigated agricultural areas, Shepparton East, Berriquin-Denimein, Padthaway-Coonawarra and the Burdekin Delta. Groundwater nitrate concentrations varied noticeably although they rarely exceeded the WHO drinking water guideline. However, depending on the irrigation area, elevated nitrate concentrations considered indicative of contamination from anthropogenic sources were found in 12% to 65% of groundwaters sampled. Pesticides were detected in many of the waters sampled. The triazine herbicides and their degradation products were overwhelmingly the most frequently detected. Concentrations of parent compounds exceeded National Health and Medical Research Council draft drinking water guideline values in only 7-15% of samples overall, with draft health guideline values not being exceeded.

Bauld J, Evans WR, Sandstrom MW. 1993. Groundwater quality in irrigated agricultural areas of Australia: Murray Basin and Burdekin Delta. In: Aquifers at Risk: Towards a National Groundwater Quality Perspective Conference, 15-17 Feb 1993, Canberra, Papers. Australian National University, Centre for Continuing Education, Canberra; 2p
Keywords: Ground-water-quality/ Irrigation-/ Agriculture-/ Ground-water-pollution
Abstract: An assessment of groundwater quality surveys in the irrigated agricultural areas of the Murray Basin, particularly Shepparton- Bunbartha-Cobram, Berriquin-Denimein and Padthaway-Coonawarra in Victoria and the Burdekin Delta is given. This paper discusses the data to hand from some pesticides, nitrate, fecal indicator bacteria and manganese. Groundwaters from about half the observation wells sampled in the Shepparton East area contained the traizine herbicides atrazine and simazine at low concentrations, high levels of nitrates and manganese and two thirds of the wells exceeded the guidelines for faecal coliforms. Groundwater samples from the Padthaway-Connawarra area contained atrazine and high concentrations of nitrates. The assessment of groundwater quality in shallow aquifers underlying irrigated agricultural areas, shows that both particulate and dissolved contaminants are infiltrating to the water table.

Bauld J, Evans WR, Sandstrom MW. 1993. Groundwater quality in irrigated agricultural areas of Australia: Murray Basin and Burdekin Delta. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics; 14(2-3):316-8
Keywords: Ground-water-quality/ Irrigation-/ Agriculture-/ Ground-water-pollution
Abstract: Particulate and dissolved contaminants are infiltrating to the water table.

Bauld J, Leach LL, Sandstrom MW. 1996. Impact of land use on groundwater quality in the Burdekin River Delta and the Burdekin River Irrigation Area. In: Hunter, H M, Eyles, A G & Rayment, G E (Eds.), Downstream Effects of Land Use: National Conference, 26-28 Apr 1995, Rockhampton, Papers. Queensland. Department of Natural Resources, Brisbane; 195-6
Abstract: The unconfined aquifer of the Burdekin River Delta (BRD) and the Burdekin River Irrigation Area (BRIA) consist of coarse, unconsolidated quartzose sands which overlie granite bedrock, and host widespread clay lenses. Groundwater samples were acquired and analyzed for a wide range of natural and anthropogenic water quality indicators including nutrients, pesticides and faecal indicator bacteria. Nitrate and nitrogen concentrations appeared to be above 'background' in approximately one third of samples in each year. Faecal indicator bacteria were detected in only about 5% of groundwater samples, consistent with low populations of livestock in the study area. Samples were screened for a wide range of pesticides, but only the triazine herbicide atrazine was detected. The application of irrigation water and the cultivation of sugar cane may have increased solute flux and soil permeability, thus enhancing the transport of nutrients and pesticides to the underlying groundwaters.

Baxter KC. 1993. Water resources of the Fitzroy Basin. In: Fitzroy Catchment Symposium, 12-13 Nov 1992, Rockhampton, Proceedings. University of Central Queensland, Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Capricorn Conservation Council, United Graziers' Association of Queensland, Rockhampton; 31p
Abstract: Present surface and groundwater supply and present and estimated future demand for water in the Fitzroy River catchment are discussed. Existing storages and their adequacy are considered.

Beamish BB, Crosdale PJ, Gamson PD. 1993. Characterising the methane sorption behaviour of banded coals in the Bowen Basin, Australia. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International Coalbed Methane Symposium; 145-50

Beamish BB, Hungerford F, McKavanagh B, Williams RJ, Collinsville Coal Company Pty Ltd. 1985. Outburst research. Australia. National Energy Research, Development and Demonstration Program End of Grant Report; 85/495:760p
Keywords: Coal-outbursts/ Monitoring-/ Microseisms-/ Methane-drainage/ Longhole-drilling/ SF5503 8456

Beams SD. 1998. An overview of the influence of the regolith on mineral exploration sampling media, north-east Queensland. In: Eggleton, R A (Ed.), Regolith '96. The State of the Regolith. Second Australian Conference on Landscape Evolution and Mineral Exploration, Brisbane, Queensland, 12-15 November, 1996. Papers. Geological Society of Australia. Special Publication; 20:7-22
Keywords: Geochemical-exploration-Qld/ Regolith-/ Geochemical-sampling/ Sampling-methods/ Case-studies/ Concealed-deposits/ Mineral-exploration-Qld/ Reviews-
Abstract: Development of innovative sampling and analytical techniques should result in further discoveries.

Beams SD. 1998. An overview of the influence of the regolith on mineral exploration sampling media, northeast Queensland. In: Beams, S D (Ed.), Economic Geology of Northeast Queensland, the 1998 Perspective. Held in Conjunction With the 14th Australian Geological Convention, Townsville, 6-10 July, 1998. Excursion Guide. Geological Society of Australia, Sydney; 39-57
Keywords: Mineral-exploration-Qld/ Regolith-/ Geochemical-sampling/ Concealed-deposits/ Geochemical-exploration-Qld/ Sampling-methods/ Case-studies/ Reviews-

Beams SD, Dronseika EV. 1995. The exploration history, geology and geochemistry of the polymetallic Reward and Highway deposits, Mt Windsor Subprovince. In: Beams, S D (Ed.), Exploring the Tropics. 17th International Geochemical Exploration Symposium, Townsville, 15-19 May, 1995. Mineral Deposits of Northeast Queensland: Geology and Geochemistry. James Cook University of North Queensland. Economic Geology Research Unit. Contributions; 52:137-53
Keywords: Base-metal-deposits-Qld/ Gold-/ Silver-/ Massive-sulphide-deposits/ Pyrite-/ Mineral-exploration-Qld/ Chalcopyrite-/ Chalcocite-/ Geochemistry-/ Hydrothermal-alteration/ Cambrian-/ Ordovician-/ Tertiary-/ SF5502 8157

Beams SD, Dronseika EV, Doyle MG. 1998. The exploration history, geology and geochemistry of the polymetallic Highway-Reward deposit, Mt Windsor Subprovince. In: Beams, S D (Ed.), Economic Geology of Northeast Queensland, the 1998 Perspective. Held in Conjunction With the 14th Australian Geological Convention, Townsville, 6-10 July, 1998. Excursion Guide. Geological Society of Australia, Sydney; 189-205
Keywords: Base-metal-deposits-Qld/ Gold-/ Silver-/ Massive-sulphide-deposits/ Pyrite-/ Mineral-exploration-Qld/ Chalcopyrite-/ Chalcocite-/ Geochemistry-/ Hydrothermal-alteration/ Cambrian-/ Ordovician-/ Tertiary-/ SF5502 8157

Beasley R, Coppa I, George R, Heislers D, Kalma S , Speed R. 2003? Salinity investigation sites for the National Airborne Geophysics Project. National Dryland Salinity Program. (http://www.ndsp.gov.au/NAGP/poster.pdf (Accessed 10/12/2003))

Beattie DW. 1980. The water resources of the Fitzroy River Basin and their development. In: Water and Energy Resources of the Fitzroy River Basin. Papers Presented to a Symposium of the Queensland State Committee of the Water Research Foundation of Australia, Rockhampton, 31 October, 1980. The Committee, Brisbane; 26p
Keywords: Water-resources/ Ground-water/ Rainfall-/ Water-storage
Abstract: Endowed with both surface and ground water resources.

Beeston JW. 1990. Bowen Basin symposium 1990; proceedings; incorporating GSA(SLD Division) field conference. Geological Society of Australia, Bowen Basin Geology Group; 292p

Beeston JW. 1986. Leptocalamites, a new genus of calamitacean wood, from Queensland. Geological Survey of Queensland. Publication; 387:51-5

Beeston JW. 1994. Tertiary palynology in the Mount Coolon and Riverside areas. Queensland Geology; 6:127-79
Keywords: Palynology-/ Systematic-palaeontology/ Biostratigraphy-/ Palaeobotany-/ Algae-/ Pteridophyta-/ Gymnospermae-/ Pollen-/ Tertiary-/ SF5507 8355

Bell PRF, Greenfield PF, Nicklin DJ. 1984. The composition of waste waters from the processing of Rundle oil-shale and some treatment strategies. In: Engineering Conference, 'Engineering Australia', 2-6 April 1984, Brisbane, Papers. Institution of Engineers, Australia, Barton ACT. National Conference Publication; No 84/1; 97-101
Keywords: Oil (Mineral)/ Retort-Wastewater/ Leachate-/ Wastewater-Analysis/ Wastewater-Treatment/ Environment-/ Shale-/ Laboratory-Scale
Abstract: This work is concerned with oil shale from the Rundle resource currently the most advanced of Australia's oil shale developments. The characteristics of the retort water and leachates from processed shale have been investigated using bench scale equipment. Leachate composition in the spent shale heaps has been characterized by operating packed beds of spent shale in controlled unsaturated flow conditions and by analysing the effluent as a function of pore volumes of liquid eluted. A leachate model has been developed and is being tested. At this stage it appears that no inorganic constituent of the leachates would be of particular environmental concern -leachable organics may prove a more serious problem. Analysis of retort water has shown that, as with US shales, a multitreatment process will be necessary before such a stream is suitable for discharge to a receiving body of water.

Bellamy JA. 1999. Evaluation of integrated catchment management in a wet tropical environment: collected papers of LWRRDC R&D Project CTC7. CSIRO Tropical Agriculture, Brisbane; 1 CD-ROM
Keywords: Total-Catchment-Management/ Tropical-Regions/ Wet-/ Reviews-/ Natural-Resources/ Resource-Management/ Environmental-Management/ Catchment-Areas/ Policy-/ Planning-/ Bodies (Corporate)
Abstract: A research project looked at integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Herbert River catchment over five years. One of the key outputs of the project was a collection of 41 key reports, journal articles and databases available on CD-ROM, online and in hard copy. The current thinking in ICM, a challenging area of natural resource management (NRM), is presented in seven volumes: Vol 1 Synthesis of findings; Vol 2 Institutional arrangements for ICM in Queensland; Vol 3 ICM and sugar industry planning; Vol 4 Implementing ICM in the Herbert River catchment: HRCCC views and progress; Vol 5 Implementing ICM in the Herbert River catchment: community views; Vol 6 Implementing ICM in the Herbert River catchment: economic, communication and resource use issues; and Vol 7 Implementing ICM: evaluation and information needs. An evaluation framework relevant to a broad range of NRM policy initiatives and a comprehensive set of recommendations for planning and implementing community based ICM policy initiatives in Australia are presented.

Bellamy JA, Horsley D. 1999. Organisational linkages on natural resource management in the Herbert River catchment, 1992-1998. In: Bellamy, J A (Comp.), Evaluation of Integrated Catchment Management in a Wet Tropical Environment: Collected Papers of LWRRDC R&D Project CTC7. CSIRO Tropical Agriculture, Brisbane; 159-81
Keywords: Total-Catchment-Management/ Catchment-Areas/ Natural-Resources/ Resource-Management/ Environmental-Management/ Bodies (Corporate)/ Private-Sector/ Land-Use/ Community-Participation
Abstract: Stakeholder representation and participation are essential elements of legitimate and successful natural resource management (NRM) policy initiatives. The degree to which there is adequate and responsive communication and coordination between stakeholders underlies the effectiveness and fairness of their outcomes. Fundamental to integrated catchment management (ICM) policy initiatives in Queensland is reliance on existing authorities, organizations, government and the private sector to accomplish ICM objectives and implement the strategy. Organizational structures and linkages are critical in facilitating information exchange and supporting a coordinated and inclusive approach to catchment management decision making. A broad range of community, industry and government organizations with some level of responsibility or interest in resource use management and planning are present in the Herbert River catchment. This study investigates the change in organizational structures and linkages on NRM within the Herbert River catchment from the inception of the Herbert River Catchment Coordinating Committee in 1993, to 1998.

Bellamy JA, McDonald G, Syme G, Walker D, Johnson A , Butterworth J, McCreddin J, Horsley D, Cottrell A, Shrubsole S et al. 2000. Evaluation of integrated catchment management in a wet tropical environment. In: Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. Research and Development Final Report; CTC7; 15p
Keywords: Integrated-Catchment-Management/ Tropical-Regions/ Planning-/ Determination-/ Monitoring-/ Land-Management
Abstract: The basic assumption that integrated catchment management (ICM) can contribute effectively to the better management of land and water resources requires systematic and critical investigation. Indicators of progress are not easily defined and the evaluation of the effectiveness of integrated programs in resolving or ameliorating natural resource use and management problems has been largely neglected. To address these deficiencies, this study develops an integrated systems framework for the evaluation of ICM policy initiatives based on a consideration of the changing nature of approaches to natural resource management policy and experience in the practical assessment of onground programs. The framework provides the basis for an integrated evaluation of the different perspectives on the natural resource management and planning process. The study provides a comprehensive and integrated longitudinal evaluation over five years of an ICM policy initiative in Queensland and the ICM process in the Herbert River in particular. This provided the basis for the identification of a set of over 50 factors that may influence the success of community based ICM and also 32 recommendations for planning and implementing ICM that has broad application to natural resource management policy initiatives in Australia.

Bellamy JA, McDonald GT, Syme GJ, Butterworth JE. 1999. Evaluating integrated resource management. In: Bellamy, J A (Comp.), Evaluation of Integrated Catchment Management in a Wet Tropical Environment: Collected Papers of LWRRDC R&D Project CTC7. CSIRO Tropical Agriculture, Brisbane; 39-54
Keywords: Total-Catchment-Management/ Catchment-Areas/ Natural-Resources/ Resource-Management/ Environmental-Management/ Human-Activity/ Land-Resources/ Land-Use/ Land-Management/ Water-Resources/ Water-Management
Abstract: The emerging paradigm of natural resource management (NRM) supports a more flexible and adaptive approach to address the uncertainty, complexity and interconnectedness associated with natural resource and human management systems. Translation into practice is proving difficult and proactive evaluation is required. Issues of integrated resource management (IRM) evaluation are examined and a conceptual evaluation framework is proposed, identifying technical, institutional, economic and social criteria that may influence the success of IRM in practice. This framework should facilitate the proper formulation of the NRM problem and its underlying characteristics. Australian governments are investing considerable resources in IRM programs, with high community expectations. The fundamental challenge of these programs is to improve the way natural resources are used and managed with a long term perspective. The basic assumption that IRM approaches contribute effectively to better land and water resource management has not been systematically or critically addressed.

Bellamy JA, McDonald GT, Syme GJ, Walker DH. 1999. Evaluating natural resource management policy initiatives. In: Bellamy, J A (Comp.), Evaluation of Integrated Catchment Management in a Wet Tropical Environment: Collected Papers of LWRRDC R&D Project CTC7. CSIRO Tropical Agriculture, Brisbane; 37-65
Keywords: Natural-Resources/ Resource-Management/ Environmental-Management/ Sustainable-Development/ Resource-Allocation/ Finance-/ Accountability-/ Policy-
Abstract: Program evaluation and policy analysis are recognized as critical elements of successful policy development and implementation. With increasing demands for better scrutiny of the use of public funds, and greater accountability for environmental protection and equity in resource use, the focus of policy, program and research evaluation and implementation has shifted. Recent thinking on ecologically sustainable development (ESD) emphasizes continuous change, adaptation and learning, which has caused a shift in the theory underpinning natural resource management (NRM) and this shift is increasingly reflected in policy. The adoption of new policy models for NRM and environmental management demands a new approach to evaluation. A basis for an integrated evaluation of the social, economic, environmental, institutional and technological perspectives on the effectiveness of NRM policy initiatives is presented.

Bellamy JA, McDonald GT, Syme GJ, Walker DH. 1999. Planning and implementing integrated catchment management. In: Bellamy, J A (Comp.), Evaluation of Integrated Catchment Management in a Wet Tropical Environment: Collected Papers of LWRRDC R&D Project CTC7. CSIRO Tropical Agriculture, Brisbane; 229-33
Keywords: Natural-Resources/ Resource-Management/ Environmental-Management/ Community-Participation/ Bodies (Corporate)/ Policy-/ Legislation (on-Environment)/ Total-Catchment-Management/ Catchment-Areas/ Interdisciplinary-/ Research-
Abstract: Natural resource management, based on integrating community involvement, technical knowledge, organizational structure and policy objectives, has been adopted into integrated catchment management (ICM) programs by all State Governments in a variety of policy and legislative frameworks. These initiatives aim to improve the way natural resources are used and managed in the long term, but the translation into practice at a catchment scale is proving difficult. As an evolving concept, ICM lacks a well defined body of guiding principles capable of general application. Guiding principles for the role of community based ICM and factors likely to influence its success are identified and recommendations on planning and implementation are presented. The principles and recommendations, backed up by comprehensive and rigorous interdisciplinary research, are based on a five year study to investigate factors influencing the success of the Herbert River ICM process.

Bellamy JA, Walker DH, McDonald GT, Syme GJ. 2001. A systems approach to the evaluation of natural resource management initiatives. Journal of Environmental Management; 63(4):407-23
Keywords: Natural-Resource-Management/ Environmental-Management/ Policy-/ Efficiency-/ Determination-/ Methods-/ Project-Evaluation/ Systems-Analysis/ Case-Study
Abstract: It is argued that the adoption of a new paradigm for natural resource and environmental policy which emphasises the evolutionary nature of resource management demands the concomitant adoption of a new approach to program evaluation. A systems-based approach is proposed which reflects the complexities of natural resource management policy, particularly problem characterization, policy formulation and intent, program logic, and on-ground implementation. The utility of the systems approach is demonstrated in relation to three Australian case studies: a community-based integrated catchment management project, a resource information delivery system, and the development of a decision support system.

Bellamy JA, Walker DH, McDonald GT, Syme GJ. 1999. Tracking progress in natural resource management: a systems approach to evaluation. In: Bellamy, J A (Comp.), Evaluation of Integrated Catchment Management in a Wet Tropical Environment: Collected Papers of LWRRDC R&D Project CTC7. CSIRO Tropical Agriculture, Brisbane; 1-36
Keywords: Natural-Resources/ Resource-Management/ Environmental-Management/ Sustainable-Development/ Interdisciplinary-/ Research-/ Policy-/ Planning-
Abstract: The emerging focus on ecologically sustainable development (ESD) has caused a paradigm shift in the theory underpinning natural resource management (NRM) which is increasingly reflected in policy. A new approach to evaluation of NRM programs is developed using a systems framework, taking into account practical assessment of on-ground projects. The framework provides the basis for an integrated evaluation of the social, economic, environmental, institutional and technological perspectives on NRM and planning. It recognizes the multiple levels and nested nature of NRM policy and research, namely: problem characterization, policy formulation and intent, program logic, and on-ground implementation. Its utility is demonstrated through application to six case studies and the implications are discussed.

Belperio AP. 1983. Terrigenous sedimentation in the central Great Barrier Reef lagoon: a model from the Burdekin region. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics; 8(3):179-90
Keywords: Fluvial-sediments/ Terrestrial-sediments/ Marine-sediments/ Deltaic-sediments/ Sea-level/ Holocene-
Abstract: The Burdekin River acts as a large source of sediment which is dispersed to the northwest.

Belperio AP, Johnson DP. 1985. Postglacial sedimentation, Burdekin Delta and Townsville coastal plain. In: Johnson, D P & Stevens, A W (Eds.), Guide to the Permian to Quaternary Geology of the Mackay-Collinsville-Townsville Region, Northeastern Queensland. Geological Society of Australia. Queensland Division. Field Conference; 1985:62-80
Keywords: Fluvial-environment/ Littoral-zone/ Sedimentation-/ Littoral-drift/ Dunes-

Bembrick CS, Herbert C, Scheibner E, Stuntz J. 1973. Structural subdivision of the New South Wales portion of the Sydney-Bowen Basin. Geological Survey of New South Wales. Quarterly Notes; 11:1-13

Bennett R. 1971. Exploration for hydrothermal mineralization with airborne geochemistry. Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers, Incorporated (AIME); 250(2):109-13
Keywords: actinides-/ airborne-/ Australasia-/ Australia-/ copper-/ economic-geology/ exploration-/ gamma-ray/ geochemical-methods/ metals-/ methods-/ mineral-exploration/ New-South-Wales-Australia/ Queensland-Australia/ spectroscopy-/ uranium-

Berghus AP, Long PE. 1999. Freshwater fishes of the Fitzroy catchment, central Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland; 108:13-25
Abstract: Sampling of freshwater fish species at 21 sites throughout the major rivers of the Fitzroy catchment in central Queensland reflected 26 species, representing 15 families, a reduction compared to earlier surveys. It is argued that dams and weirs throughout the Fitzroy catchment in Queensland have had a major impact on the fish communities. For example, the Fairbairn Dam in the upper Nogoa River appears to have created an isolated breeding population of Macquaria ambigua oriens (Fitzroy River golden perch) in the headwaters above. Prior to the establishment of a fishway on the Fitzroy River barrage, the migratory passage of catadromous and diadromous fish was severely restricted. It is suggested that the implementation of fish passage devices on barriers in other parts of the catchment may assist in the free passage and re-colonisation of migratory fish species.

Bevin PJ. 1993. Water beyond 2000. Australian Biologist; 6(1):11-5
Keywords: Water-Resources-Planning/ Water-Management/ Water-Policy/ Economics-/ Ecological-Management/ Water-Supplies/ Water-Use/ Land-Use/ Water-Quality (Natural-Waters)/ Water-Quality-Control/ Bodies (Corporate)/ Resource-Management/ Resource-Conservation/ Sustainable-Development
Abstract: Australia's quality of life is critically dependent on the sustainable use of our water resources. In the past, this has depended on the construction of storages, diversion of streams and extraction from groundwater to provide urban, industrial and rural water needs. In many parts of the country, options for further development are minimal and in some, current developments and use can no longer be sustained. Water quality decline, over exploitation of water resources, saline intrusion and increasing severity of blue-green algae outbreaks are discussed as evidence of the need for improved water management with greater recognition of long term impacts. Natural resource management issues, economic aspects of water management, water planning and institutional arrangement are discussed as essential components of water policy. The substantial changes of the last decade are acknowledged, but coordination of policy changes is considered necessary to maximize the conservation and community benefit of water resources beyond 2000.

Bird PR. 1993. Agroforestry research and demonstration in south west Victoria. In: Lyons, A (Ed.), Shelterbelter (TM): Agroforestry Action '93: Agroforestry Conference, 30 Mar-8 Apr 1993, Fitzroy, Proceedings. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, East Melbourne; 2p
Keywords: Trees-/ Farms-and-Farming/ Plantations-/ Research-/ Productivity-/ Forestry-/ Sheltering-/ Salinity-Control/ Wood-/ Agroforestry-/ Land-Management
Abstract: The Victorian Department of Agriculture is involved in agroforestry research and demonstration projects which aim to determine combinations of tree species and management techniques which will allow the successful integration of trees with agriculture to maximize land capability and production. Agroforestry should be central to any comprehensive salinity management plan, and is an essential part of Landcare. A summary of the agroforestry projects being undertaken in the southwestern region of Victoria is presented.

Bonell M. 1978. Aspects of the hydrology of the Townsville region (Australia). In: Hopley, D (Ed.), Geographical Studies of the Townsville Area. Monograph Series, Department of Geography, James Cook University of North Queensland, Occasional Paper, 2; 18-27
Keywords: coastal-belt/ Herbert-River/ Burdekin-River/ surface-moisture/ soil-moisture/ groundwater-resources
Abstract: The area under discussion is confined to the coastal belt between the Herbert and Burdekin River deltas and deals primarily with the hydrology. The study is divided into three main sections dealing with surface moisture, soil moisture and groundwater resources. A general survey introduces each section. This is followed by case studies where appropriate.

Boreham CJ, Powell TG, Hutton AC. 1988. Chemical and petrographic characterization of the Australian Tertiary Duaringa oil shale deposit. Fuel; 67(10):1369-77
Keywords: Oil-shale/ Petrology-/ Geochemistry-/ Tertiary-/ SF5516 8850

Borrell A, Garside A, Fukai S. 1997. Improving efficiency of water use for irrigated rice in a semi-arid tropical environment. Field Crops Research; 52(3):231-48
Keywords: Soil-water/ Arable
Abstract: Irrigation water accounts for almost 40% of total variable production costs for rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping in the Burdekin River irrigation Area, northern Australia. Increasing the efficiency of water use would improve the economic viability of growers and long-term environmental benefits would also be likely due to lower water tables and decreased salinisation in irrigation areas. The aim of these studies was to maximize grain yield by optimizing its functional components: water use, efficiency of water use for dry matter production (WUE(dm)) and harvest index (HI). The responses of dry matter and yield in rice (cv. Lemont) to five methods of irrigation were studied in a wet and dry season in the region. Applying a permanent flood at sowing, the 3-leaf stage (traditional) and prior to particle initiation were compared with two unflooded methods: saturated soil culture (SSC) and intermittent irrigation at weekly intervals. Saturated soil culture consisted of growing rice on raised beds of height 0.2 m and width 1.2 m, with water maintained in the furrows (0.3 m wide) some 0.1 m below the bed surface. The results of these studies show that it is not necessary to flood rice to obtain high grain yield and quality. The trend was for yield to increase with water supply, but there was no significant difference in yield and quality between SSC and traditional flooded production, although SSC used about 32% less water in both seasons. Therefore the efficiency of water use for grain production (WUE(g), g m^-² mm^-¹) was higher in SSC than in traditional flooded production in the wet season and a similar trend existed in the dry season. There were no differences between SSC and the traditional method of irrigation in any of the grain quality components measured, indicating that this water saving method did not lower grain quality. Weed growth was generally higher in unflooded treatments, although weed populations in SSC and traditionally flooded rice were equivalent in the dry season, suggesting that weeds can be controlled in SSC. Saturated soil culture provides a viable alternative to flooded rice production for growers in semi-arid tropical environments. Substantial reductions in variable costs of production are attainable by reducing water use without reducing yield and quality.

Boughton WC. 1985. Brigalow catchment study: calibration phase 1965-1979. Queensland. Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane. Project Report; Q085012; 57p
Abstract: Refers to a long term hydrological experiment to study the effects of the Brigalow Lands Development Scheme which involves clearing development and closer settlement in the Fitzroy River basin. Stage 1 of the experiment is a calibration period with 3 catchment areas under native vegetation. Documents the hydrological characteristics of the 3 catchment areas during the stage 1 period of 1965-79. Describes the catchment areas, and reviews the rainfall and runoff data. Discusses the simulation modelling of the water balances of the catchment which was used as a method of estimating runoff from rainfall. Gives details of the calibration procedure and the calibrated value of the model parameter for each catchment. Examines runoff events, their number, value and peak rates. Includes consideration of unit hydrograph variations.

Boully L. 1998. Methods by which the catchment community can implement and monitor a catchment management strategy. In: Grimes, J, Lawrence, G & Stehlik, D (Eds.), Sustainable Futures: Towards a Catchment Management Strategy for the Central Queensland Region, 20-21 Nov 1997, Rockhampton, Papers. Institute for Sustainable Regional Development, Rockhampton; 103-13
Keywords: Catchment-Areas/ Industries-/ Natural-Resources/ Structures-/ Water-/ Management-/ Community-Participation/ Sustainable-Development/ Planning-/ Total-Catchment-Management/ Landcare-
Abstract: Integrated catchment management offers the best mechanism yet to achieve coordinated resource management on a large enough scale to be able to demonstrate the value of public and private investment in improving the quality of life of the wider community. A strategy provides a framework and focus for debate on what the community wishes to achieve and includes the process of negotiation, mediation and consensus building, planning at all the necessary levels, the implementation of the plans, and the monitoring, evaluation and review of the whole process. It is essential that the regional strategy support and empower the plans and planning processes of catchment coordinating, Landcare, and other community groups, for it is these groups which implement on-ground action.

Bowman DM, Wilson BA, Fensham RJ. 1999. Relative drought tolerance of evergreen-rainforest and evergreen-savanna species in a long unburnt Eucalyptus savanna, north Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland; 27-31
Keywords: Forests-/ Trees-/ Covering-/ Deciduous-/ Land (Grass-and-Pasture)/ Stress (Physiological)/ Drought-/ Tolerance-/ Tropical-Regions/ Vegetation-/ Species (Biological)/ Rainforests-/ Eucalyptus-/ Savannas-
Abstract: Woody plant species that are typically restricted to rainforest were observed to have established in a Eucalyptus savanna, which had never been grazed by exotic herbivores and had remained unburnt for a very long time. This paper reports the comparison of damaged canopies in evergreen rainforest and savanna species following a severe drought. It was found that there was statistical difference in the number of damaged juvenile evergreen rainforest or savanna species. However, significantly more savanna saplings had damaged canopies compared to evergreen rainforest canopies. These results are interpreted as demonstrating a tolerance of most dry evergreen-rainforest species to severe moisture stress. Only seven out of the 26 species were deciduous and all of these were considered to be rainforest specialist. The predominance of evergreen species may reflect their greater capacity to opportunistically respond to favourable moisture conditions given the high variability of rainfall in the study region.

Brady DK, Adair J. 1993. Some hydrological and environmental snippets about Queensland's Carnarvon Gorge. In: Queensland Hydrology Symposium, 7th, 9-10 Feb 1993, University of Queensland, Proceedings and Abstracts. Institution of Engineers, Australia, Queensland Division, Brisbane; 30
Abstract: Observations are presented on the hydrology of the Carnarvon Gorge from a visit made in 1992. Although Carnarvon Creek at Wyseby always has a minimum flow of zero in October to December, the flow within the gorge never stops. This phenomenon occurs because the gorge incises a huge depth of sandstone which soaks up rainfall and from which the groundwater then leaks into the creek above an impermeable base of shale. The combined effects of evaporation and infiltration cause the water to disappear within a few kilometres except during the wet season. Floating mats of green algae in 1992 were observed to be due to a greater than usual amount of timber debris in the creek bed. This derived from flood damage in 1990 and was now gradually decomposing to release a larger than usual nutrient supply to the creek. It was also estimated that the maximum flood height was about 2.9m above the present channel bed.

Brake IR, Tonkin DA. 1974. An investigation of magnetite consumption at the Blackwater coal preparation plant of Utah Development Company. In: Southern and Central Queensland Conference, July, 1974. Papers. AusIMM Conference Series; 3:387-93
Keywords: Coal-preparation/ Heavy-media-separation/ Heavy-media/ Magnetite-/ Magnetic-fluids/ Utah-Development-Co/ SF5516 8650

Bramley RGV, Ellis N, Nable RO, Garside AL. 1996. Changes in soil chemical properties under long-term sugar cane monoculture and their possible role in sugar yield decline. Australian Journal of Soil Research; 34(6):967-84
Keywords: Soil-properties / Soil-chemistry/ Agriculture-/ Trace-elements

Brauer K. 1981. Basin 120: Broken River: Eungella Dam flood studies. Queensland Water Resources Commission, Brisbane. Hydrology Report; No 120202PR/3;
Abstract: This report reviews the flood hydrology of Eungella Dam on Broken River. When full, the dam occupies 6.3% of the catchment and floods 29.6% of the stream length which is more than many other Queensland reservoirs. Since the first study was done, new data have become available. The new estimates show a small increase in design floods (3% for the 0.1 exceedance probability and 17% for the 1.0 level). However, the estimate for the probable maximum flood is 184% higher. The author concludes it is unlikely water will overtop the dam wall and reservoir routing calculations show the dam reduces the peaks of design floods significantly.

Braybrooke JC. 1988. Comparison of predicted leakage rates with a large scale permeability test in sandstone. In: Prediction Versus Performance: Australia-New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, 5th, 22-26 Aug 1989, Sydney, Preprints. Institution of Engineers, Australia, Barton ACT. National Conference Publication; 88/11; 66-71
Abstract: Fitzroy Canal NSW was excavated through jointed sandstones of the Hawkesbury Sandstone and Mittagong formations in the southern position of the Sydney Basin. This paper outlines investigations carried out on bulk permeability of the rocks traversed to determine the waterproofing requirements of the canal. Predicted hydrogeological parameters are then compared with those determined from a prototype leakage test.

Brodie JE. 1978. Analysis of groundwater from the Burdekin Delta. M.Sc. Thesis. James Cook University of North Queensland;

Brodie JE, Hicks WS, Richards GN, Thomas FG. 1984. Residues related to agricultural chemicals in the groundwaters of the Burdekin River delta, North Queensland. Environmental Pollution (Series B); 8:187-215
Keywords: agriculture-/ alkali-metals/ Ammonia-/ Australasia-/ Australia-/ Burdekin-River-delta/ chloride-ion/ chlorine-/ environmental-geology/ fluoride-ion/ fluorine-/ Foraminifera-/ ground-water/ halogens-/ heptachlor-/ hydrochemistry-/ Invertebrata-/ mercury-/ metals-/ microfossils-/ nitrate-ion/ nitrite-ion/ northern-Queensland/ pesticides-/ phosphate-ion/ pollution-/ potassium-/ Protista-/ Queensland-Australia/ Rotaliacea-/ Rotaliina-/ sodium-/ surveys-
Abstract: The concentrations of a range of species, related to agricultural chemicals applied to the sugar cane crops, have been determined in the groundwaters of the Burdekin River delta. Concentrations of gamma HCH and heptachlor, organic and inorganic mercury, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia, phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride and fluoride are reported. The concentrations of the various species are discussed in terms of local geographic features, annual rainfall pattern and agricultural chemical usage.

Bruvel FJ. 1981. Burdekin Falls 159.3km granite quarry site seismic survey. Geological Survey of Queensland. Record; 1981/21:16p
Keywords: Dams-/ Sites-/ Seismicity- / Refraction-/ Profiles-/ Granite-/ Quarries-/ Sites-/ Drilling-/ Burdekin-Dam
Abstract: Seismic refraction profiles totalling 1.76km were shot at two proposed granite quarry sites near the proposed Burdekin Falls dam site. The purpose of the profiling was to assist in a drilling program to select the site with more fresh granite at a shallow depth. Results have shown that the fresh, shallow granite at Area 2 is unevenly distributed with parts that have been dissected by deeply weathered shear zones. At Area 1, the fresh granite occurs over most lines at shallow depths.

Bruvel FJ. 1985. Carmila Creek dam site seismic refraction survey. Queensland. Geological Survey. Record; 1985/28:4p
Keywords: Site-investigations/ Geophysical-surveys-Qld/ Seismic-refraction-surveys

Bruvel FJ. 1994. Geosign: a proposed data base of geophysical signatures over Queensland mineral deposits. Queensland. Geological Survey. Record; 1994/17:88p
Keywords: Reviews-/ Mineral-occurrences/ Marketing-/ Strategic-plan/ Data-bases/ MINOCC-/ Geophysical-responses/ Knowledge-base/ GEOSIGN-/ Expert-systems/ Physical-properties

Bruvel FJ. 1987. Prosperine Dam quarry site seismic survey. Queensland. Geological Survey. Record; 1987/41:4p
Keywords: Dam-site-investigations/ Geophysical-surveys-Qld/ Seismic-refraction-surveys

Bruvel FJ. 1981. Seismic reconnaissance survey on Don River 56.4km damsite. Geological Survey of Queensland. Record; 1981/25:9p
Keywords: Dams-/ Sites-/ Seismicity- / Refraction-/ Profiles-/ Interpretation-/ Geology-
Abstract: Seismic refraction profiles totalling 4.62km were shot at the Don River 56.4km damsite, at the request of the Queensland Water Resources Commission. The purpose of the profiling was to assist in geological interpretation. Results have shown that the uppermost low velocity layers mainly represent the semi-consolidated sediment while the high velociy bedrock has zones that represent different geological bodies resulting from the Hecate Granite intrusion into the granodiorite. An uphole shooting experiment was carried out unsuccessfully to evaluate approximate elastic constants of fresh granodiorite.

Bruvel FJ. 1985. Seismic refraction survey at Finch Hatton Creek damsite. Queensland. Geological Survey. Record; 1985/33:6p
Keywords: Dam-site-investigations/ Engineering-geophysics/ Seismic-refraction-surveys/ Weathering-
Abstract: Evidence of depth of weathering and a low velocity fracture zone.

Bruvel FJ. 1984. Seismic refraction survey for the proposed Awoonga-Callide pipeline. Geological Survey of Queensland. Record; 1984/63:9p
Keywords: Geology-/ Seismicity-/ Refraction-/ Survey-/ Pipelines-/ Pumping-Stations/ Sites-/ Geophysics-/ Awoonga-Callide-Pipeline
Abstract: This report discusses the seismic refraction results carried out for the Queensland Water Resources Commission (QWRC) along the proposed Awoonga to Callide Pipeline, and over the Wooderson and Bocoolima Pump Station sites. The survey is part of the foundation investigation which includes surface geological mapping, test-trenching and drilling. A total of 29.1 line kilometres of seismic profiling was conducted. The survey's objectives were to locate areas of shallow 'hard' rock and determine seismic layer thickness and velocities in these areas. The seismic velocities and trench tests provide an approximate index of rippability over the steep terrain and highly variable geology. This method of investigation has been successful in providing a good indication of conditions to be encountered during excavation.

Bruvel FJ, Dash PH. 1987. Investigation of Clermont geophysical anomalies. Queensland. Geological Survey. Record; 1987/17:16p
Keywords: Geophysical-surveys-Qld/ Electrical-IP-surveys/ Direct-current-surveys / Mise-a-la-masse-surveys/ Core-drilling/ Geochemical-exploration-Qld/ Core-sampling/ Assay-value/ Geophysical-anomalies/ Geological-mapping-Qld/ SF5511 8452

Bruvel FJ, Dash PH. 1987. Investigation of geophysical anomalies in Departmental area 159D, Clermont. Queensland Government Mining Journal; 88(1031):341-7
Keywords: Geochemical-anomalies/ Aerial-geophysical-surveys/ IP-surveys/ Mise-a-la-masse-surveys/ Core-drilling/ Sedimentary-basins/ Assay-value/ Geological-mapping-Qld/ SF5511 8452

Bui E. 1997. Assessing the regional risk of salinization over the Dalrymple Shire. CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra. Technical Report; No 26/97;
Keywords: Land-Clearing/ Groundwater-/ Salinity-/ Risk-Analysis/ Recharge-/ Discharge-/ Hazard-/ Vegetation-/ Geographic-Information-Systems/ Extension-
Abstract: A GIS (Geographic Information System) based salinity risk assessment was developed for north Queensland extension agents responsible for evaluating tree clearing permit applications. The work identified potential intake areas for recharge to groundwater and potential saline discharge areas, identified salinity hazard areas in the upper Burdekin River basin, and estimated the risk of salinization after tree clearing in these areas. Risk management strategies are suggested.

Bui E. 1994. GIS as an aid in evaluating the impact of tree clearing on soil salinisation. In: GIS: Hydrologic Modelling: DSS: Technical Workshop, 23-25 Feb 1994, Brisbane. Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. Occasional Paper; No 11/94; 34
Keywords: Information-Analysis/ Decision-Theory/ Land-Clearing/ Salinity-/ Risk-Analysis/ Soil (Characteristics-of)/ Groundwater-/ Recharge-/ Geographic-Information-Systems/ Decision-Support-Systems
Abstract: The aim of this research has been to develop a decision rule for evaluating the impact of tree clearing on soil salinisation in the upper Burdekin River catchment and to show that geographic information systems (GIS) could be used as a decision support tool in this case where the area under consideration is so large. The decision rule is structured in the context of minimizing the risk of salinisation in the landscape. Criteria for evaluating the decision include position in the landscape, depth to groundwater, rate of recharge to groundwater and, to some extent, salinity of groundwater or presence of salt in soil above rising groundwater. A multi-criteria evaluation procedure is being developed to combine these criteria and arrive at a risk assessment map showing areas at high, medium, or low risk of salinisation in the Burdekin catchment.

Bui E. 1994. Use of soil survey information in assessing risk of salinization in North Queensland. Abstracts With Programs - Geological Society of America; 26(7):75
Keywords: aquifers-/ Australasia-/ Australia-/ bedrock-/ Burdekin-Basin/ chemically-precipitated-rocks/ drainage-/ electrical-conductivity/ evaporites-/ ground-water/ hydrogeology-/ hydrology-/ landforms-/ northern-Queensland-Australia/ parent-materials/ PERFECT-/ permeability-/ qualitative-analysis/ Queensland-Australia/ rainfall-/ recharge-/ risk-assessment/ salinity-/ salinization-/ salt-/ sedimentary-rocks/ soil-surveys/ soils-/ surveys-/ SWIM-/ thickness-/ total-soluble-salts/ unconfined-aquifers/ water-balance/ water-resources/ water-table/ watersheds-

Bui E, Moran C. 1997. Delineating catchments of potential saline discharge zones, combining DEM and soils information. In: Third National Forum on GIS in the Geosciences, Canberra, 19-20 March, 1997. Proceedings. Australian Geological Survey Organisation. Record; 1997/36:143
Keywords: Salinity-/ Soil-maps/ Electrical-surveys/ Ground-water-discharge

Bui E, Moran C. 1995. Using soil survey data to identify potential areas of groundwater recharge and saline discharge. ACLEP Newsletter; 4(4):2-5
Keywords: Groundwater-/ Recharge-/ Salinity-/ Soil-Sampling-and-Analysis/ Saline-Water/ Discharge (of-Natural-Waters)/ Data-Handling/ Modelling (General)
Abstract: The focus of this paper is on how soil survey information can be used to identify potential intake areas for recharge to groundwater and potential saline discharge areas in the basin of the upper Burdekin River. As this area is sparse in hydrogeological and other natural resources data the digital ' Atlas of Australian Soils (1:2000000)' was used to infer catchment behaviour. Spatial statistical results from the study suggest that the pedological model for inferring catchment behaviour has merit.

Bui EN. 2000. Risk assessment in the face of controversy: tree clearing and salinization in north Queensland. Environ Manage; 26(4):447-56
Keywords: Land-Clearing/ Salinity-/ Risk-Analysis/ Catchment-Areas/ Trees-/ Forest-Cutting/ Tree-Felling/ Water-Balance/ Dryland-/ Waterlogged-/ Water-Table/ Modelling (Hydrological)/ Geographic-Information-Systems
Abstract: Extensive clearing of native forests in southern and western Australia has altered the water balance in those regions, leading to extensive dryland salinity. Several lines of evidence were followed to assess the risk of salinization after tree clearing in the upper Burdekin River basin. Conceptual, biophysical process based approaches (pedological interpretation, event tree analysis, one-dimensional water balanc